Tissues Review

Question 1

What is the definition of tissues?

Answer 1

·Groups of cells with similar structure and function

Question 2

Four primary types of tissues

Answer 2

·Epithelium
·Connective
·Nervous
·Muscle

Question 3

Where are epithelial tissues found?

Answer 3

·Body coverings
·Body linings
·Glandular tissues

Question 4

Functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 4

·Protection
·Absorption
·Filtration
·Secretion

Question 5

Epithelium characteristics

Answer 5

·Cells fit closely together
·Tissue layer always has one free surface
·The lower surface is bound by a basement membrane
·Avascular (no blood supply)
·Regenerates easily if well nourished

Question 6

Number of cell layers (classification of epithelium)

Answer 6

·Simple- one layer
·Stratified- more than one layer

Question 7

Shape of cells (classification of epithelium)

Answer 7

·Squamous- flattened
·Cuboidal- cube shaped
·Columnar- column like

Question 8

Simple squamous

Answer 8

·Single layer of flat cells
·Usually forms membranes
·Lines body cavities
·Lines lungs and capillaries

Question 9

Simple cuboidal

Answer 9

·Single layer of cube like cells
·Common in glands and their ducts
·Forms walls of kidney tubules
·Covers the ovaries

Question 10

Simple columnar

Answer 10

·Single layer of tall cells
·Often includes goblet cells, which produces mucus
·Lines digestive tract

Question 11

Pseudostratified Columnar

Answer 11

·Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others
·Often looks double layered
·Sometimes ciliated, such as in the respiratory tract
·May function in absorption or secretion

Question 12

Stratified squamous

Answer 12

·Cells at the free edge are flattened
·Found as a protective covering where friction is common
·Locations: skin, mouth, esophagus

Question 13

Stratified cuboidal

Answer 13

·Two layers of cuboidal cells

Question 14

Stratified columnar

Answer 14

·Surface cells are columnar, cells underneath vary in size and shape

Question 15

Stratified cuboidal/columnar

Answer 15

·Rare in human body
·Found mainly in ducts of large glands

Question 16

Transitional epithelium

Answer 16

·Shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching
·Lines organs of the urinary system

Question 17

What is a gland?

Answer 17

·One or more cells that secretes a particular products
·Two major types

Question 18

Endocrine gland

Answer 18

·Ductless
·Secretions are hormones

Question 19

Exocrine gland

Answer 19

·Empty through ducts to the epithelial surface
·Includes sweat and oil glands

Question 20

Connective tissue

Answer 20

·Found everywhere in the body
·Most abundant and widely distributed

Question 21

Connective tissue functions

Answer 21

·Binds body tissues together
·Supports the body
·Provides protection

Question 22

CT characteristics

Answer 22

·Variations in blood supply: some have poor blood supply/are avascular, some are well vascularized
·Extracellular matrix: non-living material that surrounds living cells

Question 23

Bone CT

Answer 23

·Bone cells in lacunae (cavities)
·Hard matrix of calcium salts
·Large numbers of collagen fibers
·Protect and support the body

Question 24

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 24

·Most common cartilage
·Abundant collagen fibers
·Rubbery matrix
·Entire fetal skeleton is hyaline cartilage

Question 25

Elastic cartilage

Answer 25

·Provides elasticity ·Supports the external ear and surrounds larynx (voicebox)

Question 26

Fibrocartilage

Answer 26

·Highly compressible ·Forms cushion-like discs between vertebrae

Question 27

Dense CT

Answer 27

·Main matrix element is collagen fibers ·Cells are fibroblasts ·Tendon: attach muscle to bone ·Ligaments: attach bone to bone

Question 28

Areolar CT

Answer 28

·Most widely distributed CT ·Soft, pliable tissue ·Contains all fiber types ·Can soak up excess fluid

Question 29

Reticular CT

Answer 29

·Delicate network of interwoven fibers ·Forms stroma (internal supporting network) of lymphoid organs ·Lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow

Question 30

Blood

Answer 30

·Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix ·Fibers are visible during clotting ·Functions as the transport vehicle for materials

Question 31

Muscle tissue

Answer 31

·Function is to produce movement ·Three types: skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 32

Skeletal muscle

Answer 32

·Can be controlled voluntarily ·Cells attach to CT ·Cells are striated ·Cells have more than one nucleus

Question 33

Cardiac muscle

Answer 33

·Found only in the heart ·Function is to pump blood- involuntary ·Cells attached to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated discs ·Cells are striated ·One nucleus per cell

Question 34

Smooth muscle

Answer 34

·Involuntary muscle ·Surrounds hollow organs ·Attached to other smooth muscle cells ·No visible striations ·One nucleus per cell

Question 35

Nervous tissue

Answer 35

·Neurons and nerve support cells ·Function is to send impulses to other areas of the body ·Irritability, conductivity