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MTAP 2 IMMUNOSEROLOGY > ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY > Flashcards

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY Flashcards

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1
Q

Allows the body to recognize, remember, and respond to a specific stimulus, an antigen. Can result to the elimination of microorganisms and recovery from disease

A

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

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2
Q

It is the key cell involved in the adaptive immunity immune response. 7-10 um in diameter and has a large rounded nucleus that may be somewhat indented.

A

LYMPHOCYTES

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3
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs

A

Bone Marrow
Thymus

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4
Q

What are the secondary lymphoid organs

A

Spleen
Lymph Nodes
Appendix
Tonsils

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5
Q

It is considered to be the largest tissue of the body with a total weight of 1300 to 1500 in adult. It functions as the center for antigen-independent lymphopoiesis

A

BONE MARROW

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6
Q

It is a small, flat, bilobed organ found in the thorax or chest cavity, approximately 97% of the cortical cells die in the thymus before maturing into T cells.

A

THYMUS

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7
Q

Lymphopoiesis or reproduction of lymphocytes happen in secondary lymphoid organs and is antigen-independent
T or F

A

False
Strictly dependent on antigenic stimulation

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8
Q

Formation of lymphocytes in the bone marrow is _________ independent

A

Antigen-independent

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9
Q

It is the largest secondary lymphoid organ, it removes old and damaged cells and foreign antigens from the blood

A

SPLEEN

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10
Q

What are the 2 main Splenic Tissue

A

Red Pulp- destroys old red blood cells
White Pulp- contains lymphoid tissue

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11
Q

It is located along lymphatic ducts and serve as central collecting points for lymph fluid from adjacent tissues, its main function is filtration

A

LYMPH NODES

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12
Q

Acts as a reference in standardizing names of membrane proteins found on all human white blood cells

A

Clusters of differentiation

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13
Q

CD3 is specific for Cell Type ______________

A

Thymocytes, T cells

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14
Q

CD4 is specific for Cell Type ______________

A

T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages

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15
Q

CD8 is specific for Cell Type ______________

A

Thymocytes subsets, Cytotoxic T cells

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16
Q

CD16 is specific for Cell Type ______________

A

Macrophages, NK Cells, Neutrophils

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17
Q

CD19 and CD21 specific for Cell Type ______________

A

B cells, follicular dendritic cells

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18
Q

CD56 is specific for Cell Type ______________

A

NK cells, subsets of T cells

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19
Q

Cells that have not encountered their specific antigen

A

VIRGIN or NAIVE LYMPHOCYTES

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20
Q

Populations of long lived T or B cells that have been stimulated by antigen, has a quick response to an encountered antigen

A

MEMORY CELLS

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21
Q

Has the capacity to produce harmful antibodies after differentiation into plasma cells, capable of antigen presenting

A

B LYMPHOCYTES

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22
Q

What are the 2 B Lymphocyte Subsets

A

B1 Cells- distinguished by CD5 marker, responds in microbial antigens
B2 Cells- Account for most B lymphocytes in adults, responds effectively to T-dependent antigen

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23
Q

STAGES OF B-CELL DIFFERENTIATION

A

Pro-B Cells
Pre-B Cells
Immature B Cells
Mature B Cells
Activated B Cells
Plasma Cells
Memory Cells

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24
Q

A stage in B Cell differentiation which the B-cell progenitors require direct contact with bone marrow stromal cells

A

Pro-B Cells

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25
Cytokine necessary at early developmental stage of Pro-B Cells
Interleukin-7
26
Surface antigens in Pro-B Cells
CD19, CD45R, CD43, CD24, c-Kit, Tdt, RAG-1 and RAG-2
27
This CD marker appears early and remains on the B ce;; until it differentiates into plasma cell
CD19
28
It is distinguished by the appearance of complete IgM molecules on the cell surface
Immature B Cells
29
Other surface protein present on the immature B cell
CD21 CD40 MHC Class II molecules
30
It is termed as programmed cell death
APOPTOSIS
31
2 types of Mature B Cells
Marginal B Cells- remain in the spleen to respond quickly in blood borne pathogens Follicular B Cells- migrate to lymph nodes and other secondary organs
32
Immunoglobulins present in Mature B cells
IgM IgD
33
Surface protein of Mature B-cells
CD19 CD21 CD81 CD225
34
Lifespan of Mature B Cells
Few days if not in contact with antigen
35
Exhibit identifying markers that include CD25, transformation into blasts will give rise to both Plasma cells or Memory cells
Activated B Cells
36
This represents the most fully differentiated lymphocyte, main function is antibody production
Plasma Cells
37
Plasma cells are normally found in
Germinal centers in the peripheral lymphoid organs Bone Marrow
38
This cells are found in germinal centers and have a long life span
Memory Cells
39
It is responsible for cellular immune responses and are involved in the regulation of antibody reactions in conjunction with B Lymphocytes
T LYMPHOCYTES
40
Surface marker of thymocytes that are committed to becoming T cells
CD44 CD25
41
Stages of T Cell differentiation
Double Negative Stage Double Positive Stage Mature T Cells
42
In this stage, rearrangement of the genes that code for the antigen receptor aka T-cell receptor (TCR) begins.
Double Negative Stage
43
Early thymocytes lack these two markers
CD4 and CD8
44
Double Negative Stage possesses these 4 CD markers
CD2 CD5 CD7 CD45R
45
Cytokines that interact with stromal cells
Interleukin-7
46
2 specific chain of the T cell receptor under Double Negative Stage
Alpha Beta
47
Thymocytes expresses CD4 and CD8 in this stage
Double Positive Stage
48
It is a process in Double Positive Stage that allows only double positive cells with functional TCR receptors to survive
Positive Selection
49
It is a process in Double Positive Stage that takes place among the surviving double-positive T cells.
Negative Selection
50
Survivors of selection exhibit one of these two markers
CD4 75% CD8 25%
51
T Lymphocyte Subsets
CD4+ subset: helper-inducer T cell CD8+ subset: suppressor-cytotoxic T cell
52
What are the cells in T-cell subpopulation
Th1 Th2 T Regulatory cells Th9 cells Th17 cells
53
T-cell subpopulation cell that produce interferon gamma (IFN-y), Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and necrosis factor-B (TNF-B) It also protect cells against intracellular pathogens by activating cytotoxic lymphocytes and macrophages
Th1 cells
54
T-cell subpopulation cell that helps B cells produce antibodies against extracellular pathogens and to generally regulate B-cell actitvity Includes IL4, IL5, IL6, IL9, IL10, IL13
Th2 Cells
55
T cell subpopulation cells that possesses CD4 and CD25 antigen, it plays an important role in suppressing the immune response to self-antigens
T regulatory cells
56
T-cell subpopulation that produces IL-9 and appear to have proinflammatory effects, wards off fungi and extracellular bacteria
Th9 cells
57
T-cell subpopulation that produces IL-17 and IL-22, can increase inflammation and joint destruction, associated with autoimmune diseases such as Rheumatoid arthritis, Multiple sclerosis, Inflammatory bowel disease
TH17 cells
58
This cell have the ability to mediate cytolytic reactions and kill target cells without prior exposure to them, possesses CD16, CD56 and CD94, first line of defense against virally infected cells, intracellular pathogen infection, and tumor cells.
NATURAL KILLER CELLS
59
In response to IL2 NK cells become ______ cells
LAK Cells
60
This receptors delivers inhibitory signals
Inhibitory receptors
61
This receptors delivers signals to activate cytotoxic mechanisms
Activatory receptors
62
This type of cell recognize and lyse antibody coated cells through a process called __________________
Antibody-Dependent Cell cytotoxicity
63
Binding of Antibody-dependent Cell Cytotoxicity occurs in _________ for IgG
CD16 Receptor
64
Laboratory Identification of Lymphocytes
Density Gradient Centrifugation with Ficoll-Hypaque Flow Cytometry Fluorescence Microscopy (Direct and Indirect) Rossette Technique
65
T Cells Characteristics
Develops in Thymus Found in Blood 60-80% Rosette formation with SRBCs End products are Cytokines CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8 antigen Paracortical region of lymph nodes
66
B Cells Characteristics
Develops in bone marrow Found in bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes Surface immunoglobulins End products are antibodies CD19, CD20, CD21, CD40, Class II MHC Cortical region of lymph nodes

MTAP 2 IMMUNOSEROLOGY (9 decks)

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