IMMUNITY

Question 1

APR which is a Marker for Acute Inflammation

Answer 1

C-Reactive Protein

Question 2

This Acute Phase Reactant is elevated during bacterial infection, rheumatic fever, viral infections, malignant disease, tuberculosis, and after a heart attack.

Answer 2

C-Reactive Protein

Question 3

This Acute Phase Reactant is involve in chemotaxis and removes cholesterol from a cholesterol filled macrophage at the site of tissue injury. Increased in bacterial infections and binds to lysosomal enzymes.

Answer 3

Serum Amyloid A

Question 4

Movement of WBC towards the site of inflammation

Answer 4

Chemotaxis

Question 5

This Acute Phase Reactant acts as an opsonin which is widely distributed on the mucosal surface of the body. It is also involved in the complement activation.

Answer 5

Mannose-Binding Lectin

Question 6

This Acute Phase Reactant acts as a plasma inhibitor of proteases released from leukocytes, most especially elastase.

Answer 6

Alpha-1-antitrypsin

Question 7

This Acute Phase Reactant binds irreversibly to free hemoglobin, Increased levels during inflammation, stress or tissue necrosis.

Answer 7

Haptoglobin

Question 8

This Acute Phase Reactant is the most abundant coagulating factor in plasma which forms the Fibrin clot.

Answer 8

Fibrinogen

Question 9

This Acute Phase Reactant is the principal copper-transporting protein which binds 90 to 95 % of copper found in plasma.

Answer 9

Ceruloplasmin

Question 10

What are the cells involved in INNATE IMMUNITY

Answer 10

MACROPHAGE, NK CELLS, DENDRITIC CELLS, NEUTROPHILS, EOSINOPHIL, BASOPHIL, MAST CELLS

Question 11

_________ Immunity has a rapid reponse during infection.

Answer 11

INNATE IMMUNITY

Question 12

_________ Immunity has a slow reponse during infection.

Answer 12

ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

Question 13

What 6 enzymes are included in the Primary Granules of Neutrophils

Answer 13

MYELOPEROXIDASE, ELASTASE, PROTEINASE 3, LYSOZYME, CATHEPSIN G, DEFENSINS

Question 14

What enzymes are included in the Secondary Granules of Neutrophils

Answer 14

LACTOFERRIN, LYSOZYME, NADPH, COLLAGENASE, GELATINASE, RESPIRTORY BURST COMPONENTS

Question 15

What 2 enzymes are included in the Tertiary Granules of Neutrophils

Answer 15

GELATINASE, PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR

Question 16

This WBC represents 50-75% of the total peripheral WBC with around 10-15 um and a nucleus with 2-5 lobes.

Answer 16

Neutrophils

Question 17

WBC which is the first responder to infection and is capable of phagocytosis (cell eating).

Answer 17

Neutrophils

Question 18

How many hours does neutrophils circulates in our body?

Answer 18

6-8 HOURS

Question 19

Primary Granules of Eosinophils

Answer 19

Acid phosphatase and Arylsulfatase

Question 20

WBC which major function is to kill parasites and neutralize basophils and mast cells and mast cells regulation, represents 1-3% in the peripheral WBC with approximately 12-15 um.

Answer 20

Eosinophils

Question 21

Most important role of Eosinophils

Answer 21

Regulation of Immune Response, regulation of Mast Cell Function

Question 22

What are the Eosinophil-specific granules

Answer 22

MAJOR BASIC PROTEIN, EOSINOPHIL CATIONIC PROTEIN, EOSINOPHIL PEROXIDASE, EOSINOPHIL-DERIVED NEUROTOXIN

Question 23

This WBC is the least numerous in the peripheral blood and is capable of maintaining allergic reactions, stimulate B cells to produce the antibody IgE. 10-15 um and has a short life span.

Answer 23

BASOPHILS

Question 24

What are the granules of Basophils?

Answer 24

HISTAMINE, HEPARIN, CYTOKINES, AND EOSINOPHIL CHEMOTACTIC FACTOR-A

Question 25

This WBC resembles basophils and is responsible in Antigen presentation of T Cells and B Cells, it is also responsible for enhancement and suppression of immune response.

Answer 25

MAST CELLS

Question 26

Where can you abundantly found mast cells?

Answer 26

SKIN, CONNECTIVE TISSUES, MUCOSAL EPITHELIUM

Question 27

Mast Cells has short life span in our body. T or F

Answer 27

False, because Mast Cells has a life span of 9-18 months

Question 28

This WBC is the largest cell in the peripheral blood, with a horseshoe-shaped/kidney bean shaped nucleus, and is capable of phagocytosis.

Answer 28

MONOCYTES

Question 29

What are the 2 types of granules of Monocytes?

Answer 29

Type 1 Peroxidase, Acid Phosphatase, Arylsulfatase Type 2 B-glucoronidase, Lysozyme, Lipase

Question 30

How long does a monocyte stay in the peripheral blood before migrating to the tissues and become a Macrophage?

Answer 30

30 hours

Question 31

Macrophage of the Lungs

Answer 31

Alveolar Macrophages

Question 32

Macrophage of the Liver

Answer 32

Kupffer Cells

Question 33

Macrophage of the Brain

Answer 33

Microglial Cells

Question 34

Macrophage of the Connective Tissues

Answer 34

Histiocytes

Question 35

This WBC function is killing microbes, eradication of intracellular parasites, tumoricidal activity, phagocytosis, secretion of cell mediators and acts as an Antigen Presenting Cell

Answer 35

Macrophages

Question 36

This WBC is the most potent phagocytic cell, and is most effective at Antigen presentation, as APC it present Antigen to T lymphocytes to initiate the adaptive immune response

Answer 36

DENDRITIC CELLS

Question 37

It is a type of phagocytosis in which the Pathogen Recognition Receptor recognizes the lipid and carbohydrate sequences on microorganisms.

Answer 37

Direct Phagocytosis

Question 38

It is a type of phagocytosis in which Opsonin Receptors recognizes opsonins such as IgG, CRP and C3b that is bound to the microorganism

Answer 38

Indirect Phagocytosis

Question 39

This patterns are only found in microorganisms Ex. Toll-Like Receptors

Answer 39

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

Question 40

TLR 1 recognize _________ and targets ______________

Answer 40

Lipopeptides, Mycobacteria

Question 41

TLR 2 recognize _________ and targets ______________

Answer 41

Peptidoglycan, lipoproteins, zymosan, Gram + bacteria, Mycobacteria & Yeasts

Question 42

TLR 4 recognize _________ and targets ______________

Answer 42

Lipopolysaccharide, fusion proteins, mannan, Gram - bacteria, RSV fungi

Question 43

TLR 5 recognize _________ and targets ______________

Answer 43

Flagellin, Bacteria with flagellae

Question 44

TLR 6 recognize _________ and targets ______________

Answer 44

Lipopeptides, lipoteichoic acid, zymosan, Gram + bacteria, Mycobacteria, Yeasts

Question 45

TLR 3 recognize _________ and targets ______________

Answer 45

dsRNA, RNA Viruses

Question 46

TLR 7 and 8 recognize _________ and targets ______________

Answer 46

ssRNA, RNA Viruses

Question 47

TLR 9 recognize _________ and targets ______________

Answer 47

dsDNA, DNA Viruses, Bacterial DNA

Question 48

Toll Like Receptors is discovered by

Answer 48

Charles Janeway

Question 49

4 MAJOR STEPS IN PHAGOCYTOSIS

Answer 49

1. Attachment/ Physical contact between WBC and foreign particles 2. Formation of phagosome 3. Fusion with phagolysosome 4. Digestion/ release of debris

Question 50

What are the cardinal signs of Inflammation?

Answer 50

Rubor-Redness Calor-Heat Tumor-Swelling Dolor-Pain Functio Laesa-Loss of function

Question 51

What are the major events associated with the process of inflammation?

Answer 51

Increased blood supply to the infected area Increased capillary permeability Migration of white blood cells to surrounding tissue Migration of macrophages to the injured area

Question 52

It is the movement of WBC across the blood vessel wall

Answer 52

Diapedesis

Question 53

Recognition of foreign substances and ability to resist infection

Answer 53

IMMUNITY

Question 54

Innate/Non-adaptive/non specific type of immunity, present at birth

Answer 54

Natural Immunity

Question 55

Adaptive/Specific, ability to remember prior exposure

Answer 55

Acquired Immunity

Question 56

Active Immunity (Natural)

Answer 56

Antibodies made after an exposure to infection

Question 57

Active Immunity (Artificial)

Answer 57

Antibodies are made after a vaccine (Attenuated Antigen)

Question 58

Types of Acquired Immunity

Answer 58

Active Immunity (Natural/Artificial) Passive Immunity (Natural/Artificial)

Question 59

Passive Immunity (Natural)

Answer 59

Antibodies transmitted from mother to baby

Question 60

Passive Immunity (Artificial)

Answer 60

Antibodies from vaccine containing Antibody

Question 61

What are the structural External Defense Mechanism

Answer 61

Intact Skin-Keratinocytes Mucous membrane of GIT- Gastric Acid Ciliated epithelium- Lacrimal Apparatus-Lysozyme Sweat glands-Lactic Acid Sebaceous glands-Fatty Acid

Question 62

What are the mechanical External Defense Mechanism

Answer 62

Peristaltic movement Shedding of cells Coughing and Sneezing Flushing action of urine

Question 63

What are the physiologic factors in Internal Defense Mechanism

Answer 63

Body Temperature Oxygen Tension Hormonal Balance

Question 64

What are the Basic Polypeptides in Internal Defense Mechanism

Answer 64

Spermin Defensin

Question 65

What are the Interferons in Internal Defense Mechanism

Answer 65

Alpha Beta Gamma

Question 66

What is the mediator of inflammatory response in Internal Defense Mechanism

Answer 66

Complement

Question 67

What are the functions of Basophils

Answer 67

Regulate T helper cell response and stimulates B cells to produce antibody IgE