adaptive immunity

Question 1

how long does it take to activate the adaptive immunity?

Answer 1

• few days

Question 2

what are features of adaptive immunity?

Answer 2

• long-lasting , immune memory and highly specific receptors

Question 3

what are components of adaptive immunity?

Answer 3

• B and T lymphocytes

Question 4

Which lymphocytes are present in humoral immunity?

Answer 4

B lymphocytes (antibodies)

Question 5

function of b lymphocytes

Answer 5

• secrete antibodies that prevent infections and eliminate extracellular microbes

Question 6

For what type of immunity are T lymphocytes for?

Answer 6

• cell mediated immunity

Question 7

name the two types of t lymphocytes

Answer 7

• cytotoxic CTLs and Helper Th effectors

Question 8

function of Helper TL

Answer 8

activate macrophages to kill phagocytksed microbes

Question 9

function of CTLs

Answer 9

directly destroy infected cells and eliminate reservoirs of infection (with viruses)

Question 10

name the phases of adaptive immunity

Answer 10

• antigen recognition by naive B and T lymphocytes which are specific to certain antigens
• proliferation and differentiation to effectors (5-7 days)
• elimination of antigen (effector phase)
• restoring homeostasis (apoptosis of T and B) and formation of memory lymphocytes

Question 11

how is active immunity induced?

Answer 11

by the antigen either infection or vaccines

Question 12

for how long does active immunity work

Answer 12

long-lasting and specific

Question 13

how is active immunity conferred?

Answer 13

by a host response to a microbe or microbial antigen

Question 14

how can be passive immunity reached?

Answer 14

by transfer of antibodies or immune cells from immunized individual

Question 15

what are the criteria for passive immunity?

Answer 15

• between genetically identical donor and recipient

Question 16

passive Immunity is

Answer 16

specific but without memory

Question 17

key components of the immune system are

Answer 17

cells which develop from precursors in the marrow and circulate in blood and live in lymphoid organs

Question 18

what are major phagocytes ?

Answer 18

neutrophils and monocytes

Question 19

Where mature B lymphocytes?

Answer 19

• in bone marrow

Question 20

What is secreted by B lymphocytes and what is its function?

Answer 20

• antibodies (proteins)

- bind to and eliminate extracellular microbes

Question 21

Where mature T lymphocytes and what type of microbes do they fight?

Answer 21

• in thymus

- that live inside cells

Question 22

effector cells are

Answer 22

• lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes

Question 23

in tissues are what type of effector cells?

Answer 23

mast cells and macrophages

Question 24

dendritic cells are

Answer 24

prof. antigen presenting cells

Question 25

Which cells derive from Common lymphoid progenitor?

Answer 25

- B and T cells - NK cells - dendritic cells

Question 26

Which cells derive from common myeloid progenitor?

Answer 26

- dendritic cells - granulocytes - macrophages - platelets - red cells

Question 27

Lymphocytes are what size?

Answer 27

7-12um in diameter

Question 28

how many lymphocytes are in the body

Answer 28

up tp 1 billion

Question 29

how much percent are leukocytes (white blood cells)

Answer 29

20-40%

Question 30

What are T helpers producing?

Answer 30

cytokines

Question 31

Memory T and B lymphocytes are

Answer 31

functionally non-active

Question 32

antigen presenting cells are

Answer 32

- specialized cells that present antigens to T lymphocytes

Question 33

Where are APCs found

Answer 33

- skin and mucosa

Question 34

function of APCs is

Answer 34

- antigen capture and delivery to peripheral lymphoid organs

Question 35

which cells are the most powerful prof. APC?

Answer 35

dendritic cells

Question 36

what are CD molecules?

Answer 36

- surface proteins acc. to the standardized CD nomenclature

Question 37

How can CD molecules act?

Answer 37

- receptors, ligands and activation markers

Question 38

What are helper T cells?

Answer 38

CD4+

Question 39

what are cytotoxic t lymphocytes?

Answer 39

CD8+

Question 40

What lymphocytes are CD3+?

Answer 40

- both helper and cytotoxic T cells (TCR)

Question 41

How many CD molecules are identified?

Answer 41

- 360

Question 42

primary lymphoid organs are

Answer 42

- bone marrow and thymus

Question 43

where are B cells completing their maturation?

Answer 43

- in bone marrow in 2ndry organs

Question 44

Who maintains mature naive lymphocytes and initiate an adaptive immune response?

Answer 44

- secondary lymphoid organs

Question 45

Which organs are secondary lymphoid organs ?

Answer 45

- lymph - spleen - MALT incl. lymphoid follicles - GALT and BALT

Question 46

where is the B cell zone?

Answer 46

- in lymphoid follicle

Question 47

the central part of B cells zone is involved in

Answer 47

- germinal center involved in secondary immune response

Question 48

Which cells are present in the T cell zone?

Answer 48

- antigen presenting cells (APC) and activation of T cells

Question 49

chemokine are present in

Answer 49

B and T cell zones

Question 50

How are lymphocytes activated?

Answer 50

- naive T and B cells are waiting for the antigen which is transferred from the infection site

Question 51

After activation of naive Lymphocytes, effectors

Answer 51

- effectors dont have to stay in the peripheral organ | - go to infection site to eliminate the antigen

Question 52

Who captures and delivers antigens to lamina propria in the MALT?

Answer 52

- M cells

Question 53

What is a peyers patch?

Answer 53

B and T cell zones

Question 54

Who present antigens to T cells in lamina propria?

Answer 54

Dendritic cells