inflammation Flashcards
(22 cards)
what is the major way the innate immune system to deal with infections and tissue injury?
acute inflammation
how fast can acute inflammation occur?
- in minutes to hours
how long can a.i. last?
- for days
what triggers chronic inflammation?
- develops from acute inflammation
- if infection is not eliminated or tissue injury is prolonged
what is an inflammasome?
- multi protein complex
what is included by an inflammasome?
- NOD-like pattern recognition receptor 3 (NLRP3) and caspase 1
what does an inflammasome generate?
- active form of IL-1
where is an inflammasome located?
- cytosol of mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells and other cells
who induces the formation of inflammasomes?
- PAMPs
-DAMPs and insoluble crystals
(frustrazed phagocytosis)
what are cytokines?
- soluble proteins
who secretes cytokines ?
- activated macrophages and other cells
What are TNFs, Its and IFNs?
- tumor necrosis factors
- interleukins
- interferons
describe autocrine action
cytokine secreted by cell activates same cell
paracrine action activates…
- neighboring cell
major pro inflammatory cytokines are:
TNF and interleukins IL-1 and IL-6
what is the earliest responses of the i.i.s. to infection and tissue damage?
- secretion of cytokines by tissue cells
- critical for acute inflammatory response
what are cytokines TNF; IL-1 and IL-6 for?
- systemic effects
- contribute to host defense and responsible for many clinical signs of infection and inflammatory disease
What are endogenous pyrogens and what is their function?
- TNF, IL-1 and IL-6
- act on hypothalamus to induce an increase in body temp
what could happen during severe infection?
- TNF produced in large amounts
- lead to systemic clinical and pathologic abnormalities
what is a septic shock?
- complication of severe bacterial sepsis
what happens during a septic shock?
- vascular collapse
- disseminated intravascular coagulation
- metabolic disturbances
septic shock is caused by
LPS released from gram-bacteria and
massive production of TNF
