Adaptive Immunity and Hypersensitivity

Question 1

Why are B and T cells called lymph cells or lymphocytes?

Answer 1

They are contained in the lymph nodes.

Question 2

Why do lymph nodes swell when someone has an infection?

Answer 2

Increased production of white blood cells which result in swelling.

Question 3

What are the two antigen presenting cells of the innate immune system?

Answer 3

Macrophages
Dendritic Cells

Question 4

Where are Macrophages and dendritic cells found inside the body.

Answer 4

Outside of lymph

Question 5

Defined as anything that induces an immune response.

Answer 5

Antigens

Question 6

Specific part of an antigen that the immune system recognizes.

Answer 6

Epitope

Question 7

Where is Major Histocompatibility Complex 1 (MHC-1) found?

Answer 7

All Nucleated Cells

Question 8

Where is MHC-2 found?

Answer 8

Antigen Presenting Cells
- Macrophages
- Dendritic Cells
- B Cells

Question 9

What type of cell are MHC-2 molecules always associated with?

Answer 9

CD-4 “Helper” T-Cells

Question 10

What type of cell activates B cells?

Answer 10

CD-4 helper T cells

Question 11

What kind of cell does a B-Cell become when it is activated?

Answer 11

Plasma Cell

Question 12

What do plasma cells produce?

Answer 12

Antibodies

Question 13

What do some activated B-cells become that remain in the body in case the pathogen returns?

Answer 13

Memory Cells

Question 14

What type of cells recognize MHC-1?

Answer 14

CD-8 (Cytotoxic) T cells

Question 15

What do CD-8 cells do to the cell that activated them?

Answer 15

Destroy

Question 16

When a CD-8 cytotoxic T-Cell recognizes something as foreign, it clones itself and circulates around the body. Some cells will become what to prepare for future invasions?

Answer 16

Memory T-Cells

Question 17

What type of cells do Natural Killer Cells destroy?

Answer 17

Tumor or Cancer Cells
Virus infected Cells

Question 18

What type of antibody is the most abundant and are the primary antibodies involved in an immune response to a virus or vaccine?

Answer 18

IgG

Question 19

What type of antibody is able to cross the placenta and attack a developing fetus?

Answer 19

IgG

Question 20

Which antibody attacks different ABO blood types but is too large to cross the placenta?

Answer 20

IgM

Question 21

Which antibody is found in breast milk and is responsible for how immunity is given to a breastfeeding infant?

Answer 21

IgA

Question 22

Which antibody is found on mast cells and is involved in allergies?

Answer 22

IgE

Question 23

Which antibody is found on the surface of B cells and acts as an antigen receptor?

Answer 23

IgD

Question 24

Immediate reaction also known as an “allergic reaction”

Answer 24

Type I Hypersensitivity

Question 25

Why is a Type 1 Hypersensitivity faster than a Type 4?

Answer 25

Mediated by IgE (Mast cells which are innate) IgG becomes IgE

Question 26

What is the only type of Hypersensitivity that doesn't involve antibodies?

Answer 26

Type 4 (Cell Mediated - Delayed)

Question 27

What are some examples of a Type 4 Hypersensitivity?

Answer 27

Contact Dermatitis - Poison Ivy or Nickel Allergy Multiple Sclerosis - attacks myelin sheath (wrongly) Type 1 Diabetes - attacks pancreatic beta cells

Question 28

What type of hypersensitive is considered to be Antibody-Mediated and tissue specific?

Answer 28

Type 2 Hypersensitvity

Question 29

What antibodies are involved in a Type 2 Hypersensitivity?

Answer 29

IgG or IgM (attack antigens on cell surfaces)

Question 30

What are some example pathologies of Type 2 Hypersensitivities?

Answer 30

Rh Disease (IgG) Graves Disease (IgG) Myasthenia Gravis

Question 31

What type of hypersensitivity is Immune Complex Mediated and has free floating antigens and antibodies?

Answer 31

Type 3 Hypersensitivity

Question 32

What do we mean by Free-Floating antigen/antibody complex?

Answer 32

Antibodies are attacking things floating in the blood.

Question 33

Why is it that Lupus and Rheumatoid Arthritis are NOT considered Type 2 Hypersensitivities even though we can somewhat predict which areas will be affected?

Answer 33

Complexes are formed in circulation and are later deposited at random which then damages blood vessels and tissues. We can predict where they are most likely to be deposited (Kidneys and Joints).