Addiction Risk factors A03

Question 1

What evidence supports genetic vulnerability as a risk factor for addiction?

Answer 1

Twin, family, and adoption studies show a higher risk of addiction if a close family member also has an addiction, supporting a genetic component.

Question 2

What limitation is there in the genetic explanation of addiction?

Answer 2

Concordance rates are never 100%, suggesting addiction results from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors.

Question 3

What is one strength of stress as a risk factor for addiction?

Answer 3

Many addictive drugs reduce anxiety temporarily, and some illegal drugs have been prescribed as anti-anxiety medication—suggesting people use substances to self-medicate but can become addicted.

Question 4

What is one limitation of family and peer influence as a risk factor for addiction?

Answer 4

It cannot explain all addictions—for example, sex addiction is highly secretive and not influenced by peer involvement.

Question 5

What is one strength of the personality explanation for addiction?

Answer 5

It has face validity—addictive behaviours like impulsivity and risk-taking are traits commonly associated with addicts, supporting the idea that certain personality types are more vulnerable.