Addictive Disorders Flashcards
(22 cards)
what is a brain disease conceptualisation of addiction
disease impairs capacity to control behaviour - responsibility is not on the person - bad implications for treatment - ‘addictive personality’
what does the biopsychosocial concept of addiction say
there is not one single cause
bio - high impulsivity
psycho - anxiety
social - poverty, trauma
what are the distal antecedents to addiction
neurobiological and psychosocial, intrapsychic and environmental -> lead to vulnerability and exposure to substance
what is pre-morbid addiction syndrom
exposure and repeated use of drugs - driven by classical and operant conditioning
what does exposure and repeated use of substances lead to
expression (drinking, smoking… etc)
sequelae (cancer etc)
manifestation (tolerance, comorbidities, social drift)
2 addiction models of behaviour?
medical model and rational choice model
whats the difference between the medical and rational choice models
medical model = impaired control over urges while rational choice model is characterised by voluntary behaviour under control
which model is least stigmatizing
medical model
what is the opponent process theory of addiction
characterised by two states highs (A) and lows (B). B occurs due to homeostasis. overtime B gets worse and need more of the drug to get A. there is reduced hedonic contrast overtime. A only brings you slightly above homeostasis. the affective system transitions to a lower allostatic level.
what are the 2 reward systems that drugs affect
dopaminergic system and the endogenous opioid system
how is the euphoria effect created when drugs are taken
the drugs prevent the reuptake of dopamine post-synapse leading to an overflow of dopamine in the synapse.
what is I-RISA
impaired response inhibition and salience attribution
Drug addiction mediated by functional & structural changes in circuits modulated by dopamine
what two brain areas are involved in addiction according to I-RISA
mesolimbic: memory and conditioning
mesocortical: decision making, salience, expectations
what are the 4 clusters of behaviours under I-RISA
intoxication
craving
compulsive use
withdrawal
how do withdrawal symptoms come about
through activation of the amygdala stress system
what is the role of the hippocampus in addiction
it remembers the experience and context
what is the role of the amygdala in addiction
it causes us to feel pleasure and happiness
what does the PFC do during drug use
focuses attention on the drug
what does the nucleus accumbens do during drug use
pleasure centre - causes urge to take more
what does the rational choice model say
Explains compulsions as inability to resist acting on the desire
and equates compulsive behaviour (i want to) to compelled behaviour (i cant control)
what is the focus of the public health approach
we must influence patterns of drug taking behaviour:
- socioeconomic constraints on drug taking: availability, price etc
- motivations: peers, genetics, reinforcement
optimal treatment
isnt one but CBT is good
