Child Internalising Flashcards
Point prevalence of Child Anxiety?
2.5 - 5% meet criteria at any given time
How many meet criteria for more than one Anxiety Disorder?
40 - 60%
What is homotypic continuity?
the development or continuation of symptoms and disorders that are similar to the type shown earlier in life. E.g: anxious children
what is heterotypic continuity
the development or continuation of symptoms and disorders that are different to the type shown earlier in life
What are individual environmental factors in twin studies
factors that make twins different from each other
what are shared environmental factors in twin studies
factors commonly experienced by both twins e.g. school, parents, food
what is the common temperament that predicts childhood anxiety
shyness, inhibition and withdrawal
whats the issue with using inhibited temperament as a risk factor for developing anxiety?
inhibition and anxiety are highly overlapped measures of the same underlying construct so of course they are closely related. We also don’t know fully what causes temperament. Do the same things cause inhibition and anxiety
how do we make a distinction between anxiety and just inhibition?
By looking at impact on their life - inhibition has less of an impact
what is overprotective parenting
a pattern of parent-child interaction characterized by parental anticipation of potential threat leading to restriction of child engagement with situations or behaviours.
what is the limitation of looking at parenting as a cause of anxiety etc?
We don’t know the direction of effects
dependent life events?
major environmental experiences in life that, by their nature may be a result of the behaviour of the child
what are processing biases
a variety of cognitive methods of dealing with information from the environment in such a way that the methods tend toward a particular meaning.
whats the key ability anxious children don’t develop?
the ability to inhibit attentional focus toward threat
What is bibliotherapy?
treatment components are presented via written or computerized media with little or no therapist contact
What are selective interventions?
providing intervention to individuals who score high on one or more risk factors for a disorder, regardless of whether the individuals actually have the disorder
What is the increase in risk for depression if a child already has anxiety
8-29%
What are vulnerability stress theories for child depression?
psychological theories that explain the causation of depression in terms of stress and negative life events and how we react to them.
An example of a Vulnerability Stress Theory?
Beck’s Schema Theory 1976
What is Beck’s 1976 Schema Theory
We develop schemas in childhood - long term knowledge structures in memory - which activate during stressful life events. Evidence that confirms the Schema is collected and stored.
what is a ruminative response style
overthinking an event in a way that is not leading to problem solving - increases risk of depression
How can a depressed child’s behaviour lead to a Negative Response style?
People avoid the child because they tend to have poor eye contact, disclose negative info about themselves, seek excessive reassurance. This leads to rejection from others.
