Additional Information

Question 1

This study is also known as the British Doctors Study.

Answer 1

Doll and Peto Study

Question 2

These two people are prominent epidemiologists known for their research on the relationship between smoking and lung cancer.

Answer 2

Sir Richard Doll and Sir Richard Peto

Question 3

This method counts individuals based on their usual place of residence.

Answer 3

De jure Method

Question 4

True or False: The de jure method has people enumerated at their usual place of residences and is dependent on their current location at the time of census.

Answer 4

False, they are enumerated in their place of residence regardless of location.

Question 5

This is the collection of data through surveys and field visits to households.

Answer 5

Census

Question 6

This is the chosen method in the Philippines when getting population census.

Answer 6

De Facto Method

Question 7

These are a set of guidelines used to assess the likelihood of a causal relationship between an observed effect and a putative cause in epidemiological studies.

Answer 7

Hill’s Criteria for Causation

Question 8

This method is the strongest support for causality experiments.

Answer 8

Hill’s Criteria of Causation

Question 9

This is the epidemiologist that proposed the Hill’s Criteria.

Answer 9

Sir Austin Bradford Hill

Question 10

This refers to the causal association which can be explained by biological or social processes, but absence of knowledge is also not evidence of lack of causation.

Answer 10

Theoretical Plausibility

Question 11

This is a demographic measure that represents the number of live births per one thousand (1,000) women of reproductive age (15 to 49) in a given population within a specific time period.

Answer 11

The General Fertility Rate (GFR)

Question 12

This is the formula for GFR.

Answer 12

(Live Births / Women of Reproductive Age 15-44) x 1000

Question 13

This is a demographic measure that expresses the number of males per 100 females in a population. It is often expressed as the number of males per 100 females.

Answer 13

The Sex Ratio

Question 14

This is the formula for calculating the sex ratio.

Answer 14

(Number of Females / Number of Males) x 100

Question 15

This is a demographic indicator that measures the number of dependents (those typically not in the labor force) relative to the working-age population.

Answer 15

The Age Dependency Ratio

Question 16

This is the formula for calculating the Youth Dependency Ratio.

Answer 16

(# of ages 0-14 / # of ages 15-64) x 100

Question 17

This is the formula for calculating the Elderly Dependency Ratio.

Answer 17

(# of ages 65 and older / # of ages 15-64) x 100

Question 18

This is the formula for calculating the Age Dependency Ratio.

Answer 18

Youth Dependency Ratio + Elderly Dependency Ratio

Question 19

This distribution is one that does not have a distinct mode or peak.

Answer 19

Non-modal

Question 20

This distribution contains values that are relatively evenly spread out and there no specific value or range of values that occurs more frequently than others.

Answer 20

Non-modal

Question 21

This distribution has two distinct modes or peaks.

Answer 21

Bimodal

Question 22

This distribution has two values in the data set that occur with high frequency than others. They have two prominent peaks when visualized.

Answer 22

Bimodal

Question 23

This distribution has three distinct modes or peaks.

Answer 23

Trimodal

Question 24

This distribution has three values that occur more frequently than others and has three peaks when visualized.

Answer 24

Trimodal

Question 25

This distribution has a single mode or peak.

Answer 25

Unimodal

Question 26

This distribution is most commonly encountered in statistical distribution.

Answer 26

Unimodal

Question 27

This is a demographic measure that represents the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate in a given population.

Answer 27

The Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

Question 28

This is the formula for calculating RNI.

Answer 28

(Cure Birth Rate) - (Crude Death Rate)