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VM639: Virology > Adenoviridae (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Adenoviridae (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general structure of adenoviridae?

A

Non-enveloped
Icosahedral symmetry
Double-stranded
Linear DNA genome
Pathogens of mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish

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2
Q

How do adenoviruses replicate?

A

Entry via endocytosis
DNA transport to nucleus
Early mRNA transcription
Early protein translation
DNA genome synthesis
Late mRNA transcription
Late protein translation
Assembly
Exit by lysis

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3
Q

What viruses are included in the genus mastadenoviruses?

A

Canine adenovirus-1
Canine adenovirus-2
Equine adenovirus-1,2
Other adenoviruses of mammals

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4
Q

What are the symptoms caused by canine adenovirus-1?

A

Infectious canine hepatitis (ICH)
“Blue eye,” corneal edema
Encephalitis (fox, bear, skunk)
(Type III hypersensitivity)

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5
Q

What is the host range of canine adenovirus-1?

A

Canidae (dogs, foxes, wolves, coyotes)
Mustelidae (skunks, badgers, ferrets, mink, otters)
Ursidae (back, grizzly, polar, sun bears)

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6
Q

How is canine adenovirus-1 transmitted?

A

Ingestion or inhalation of virus present in urine, feces, and saliva of infected animals

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7
Q

How is canine adenovirus-1 shed?

A

Virus persists in kidneys and is shed in urine of survivors for prolonged periods, up to 6 months post-infection

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8
Q

What is the incubation period of canine adenovirus-1?

A

4 to 9 days for acute disease

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9
Q

What is the range of clinical presentations of canine adenovirus-1?

A

Inapparent infections
Respiratory disease (kennel cough), pneumonia
Peracute disease: sudden death
Acute disease: severe, generalized disease, fulminate hepatitis, enteritis, encephalopathy, mortality in puppies up to 100%
Immunopathologic disease: anterior uveitis, “blue eye,” glomerulonephritis

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10
Q

What are the clinical signs of acute ICH in the dog?

A

Fever
Leukopenia
Conjunctivitis, oculonasal discharge
Abdominal pain
Jaundice
Anemia, pale mucous membranes
Increased clotting time
Petechial hemorrhages
DIsseminated intravascular coagulation

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11
Q

What is the pathogenesis of IHC?

A

Ingestion, inhalation
Replication in tonsils, peyer’s patches
Viremia
Infected endothelial cells resulting in vasculitis, DIC, hemorrhage
Infects hepatocytes resulting in necrosis, hepatitis, jaundice, increased clotting time
Infects kidneys resulting in nephritis, shedding of virus in urine

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12
Q

What samples should be taken when diagnosing canine adenovirus-1

A

Urine sample
Also whole blood (b/c viremia)

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13
Q

What is the pathogenesis of “blue eye”?

A

Immunopathologic consequence observed in recovery phase 8-12 days post-infection with CAV-1 or vaccination with MLV CAV-1
Virus-antibody complex formation
Deposition in the capillaries of the ciliary body
Impedes corneal fluid flow
Corneal edema

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14
Q

How is canine adenovirus-1 prevented and controlled?

A

Vaccination with CAV-2 in the core vaccine for dogs
Rare disease in the US
Occurs in unvaccinated puppies
Prolonged shedding of CAV-1 by survivors
Lifelong immunity following natural infection

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15
Q

What symptoms are caused by canine adenovirus-2?

A

Mild to inapparent respiratory disease, tonsilitis, pharyngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia (uncommon)

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16
Q

What is the host range of canine adenovirus-2?

A

Canidae

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17
Q

How is canine adenovirus-1 transmitted?

A

Same as CAV-1
Ingestion or inhalation of virus present in urine, feces, and saliva of infected animals

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18
Q

How is canine adenovirus-1 shed?

A

In urine

19
Q

How is canine adenovirus-1 prevented?

A

Antigenically similar to CAV-1, confers cross-protective immunity and used as vaccine virus in the core vaccine for dogs
CAV-2 in core vaccine is also shed in urine leading to secondary “vaccination” and herd immunity

20
Q

What symptoms are caused by equine adenovirus-1,2?

A

Inapparent respiratory infections in normal horses
Pneumonia, systemic spread to pancreas, kidneys, bladder, and GI tract in immunocompromised hosts (e.g. severe combine immunodeficiency in Arabians)

21
Q

What are other examples of miscellaneous adenoviruses?

A

Bovine (inapparent or mild respiratory disease)
Swine
Ovine
Caprine
Rabbits (diarrhea)

22
Q

What etiologic agent causes adenovirus hemorrhagic disease of deer?

A

Cervine adenovirus (odocoileus adenovirus-1)

23
Q

What disease does cervine adenovirus cause?

A

Adenovirus hemorrhagic disease of deer

24
Q

What is the host range of cervine adenovirus?

A

Cervidae (black-tailed deer, mule deer, white-tailed deer, moose, pronghorn)
Described in captive fawns and free-ranging animals of different ages

25
Q

How is cervine adenovirus transmitted?

A

Direct contact with infected animals, contaminated fomites

26
Q

What are differential diagnoses associated with cervine adenovirus?

A

Epizoonotic hemorrhagic disease (EHDV, bluetongue viruses)
Malignant catarrhal fever

27
Q

What symptoms does cervine adenovirus cause?

A

Systemic disease: vasculitis, endothelial necrosis, pulmonary edema, hemorrhagic enteritis, seizures, recumbency, death
Localized disease: swollen muzzles, necrotizing stomatitis, oral abscesses, emaciation, death due to starvation

28
Q

How are aviadenoviruses transmitted?

A

Ingested or inhalation
Shed primarily in feces
Prolonged period of fecal shedding
Vertical transmission to eggs
Virus is durable in the environment

29
Q

How are aviadenoviruses shed?

A

Persistent infection, reactivation, and intermittent shed

30
Q

What is the pathogenesis of aviadenoviruses?

A

Strains tend to be more virulent for species other than “normal” host

31
Q

What is the clinical presentation of aviadenoviruses?

A

Inclusion body hepatitis: acute onset of anemia, hepatitis, hemorrhages, up to 30% mortality, affects broilers 3-7 weeks of age

32
Q

What is the host range of quail bronchitis?

A

Bobwhite quail

33
Q

What is the etiologic agent of quail bronchitis?

A

Quail bronchitis virus (adenovirus)

34
Q

What are the clinical signs of quail bronchitis?

A

Respiratory disease, rales, coughing, sneezing, conjunctivitis
Mortality 10-100%

35
Q

What is the host range of egg drop syndrome?

A

Fowl and chickens

36
Q

What is the clinical presentation of egg drop syndrome?

A

Decreased pigment, malformed shells, decreased production layers (up to 40%)

37
Q

How is egg drop syndrome transmitted?

A

Contaminated eggs, droppings, fomites

38
Q

How is egg drop syndrome diagnosed?

A

Changes in egg production
Neutralization assays
Hemagglutination-inhibition tests

39
Q

How is egg drop syndrome treated?

A

Good management
Inactivated vaccines

40
Q

What are the clinical presentations of turkey adenovirus-3 caused disease?

A

Hemorrhagic enteritis: turkeys >4wks, acute onset, depression, bloody diarrhea, immunosuppression
Marble spleen disease: pheasants, sudden death, dyspnea, bloody diarrhea
Avian adenovirus splenomegaly: broilers

41
Q

How are avian adenoviruses prevented and controlled?

A

Vaccines: attenuated virus
Biosecurity: isolation, quarantine, all-in-all-out
Sanitation
Avoid feeding domestic poultry to falcons
Avoid contact with free-ranging pigeons and other birds

42
Q

What symptoms are caused by reptilian adenoviruses?

A

Hepatic necrosis, esophagitis, enteritis, splenitis, encephalopathy

43
Q

What is the host range of reptilian adenoviruses?

A

Lizards, chameleons, snakes (constrictors), crocodiles

VM639: Virology (30 decks)

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