Adenoviridae - Mastadenovirus - CAV-1 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What does canine adenovirus-1 cause?
Infectious canine hepatitis
aka- Rubarth’s disease
How is CAV-1 transmitted?
Oronasal- all secretions and excretions.
Virus is shed in urine for at least 6-9 months.
Fomites
Ectoparasites
Where does CAV-1 replicate?
Macrophages, Kupffer cells, Hepatocytes, Vascular endothelium of CNS, parenchymal cells
What are the target organs for CAV-1 replication?
Liver, kidney, spleen, and lungs
Dogs with sufficient AB titers show little clinical evidence of disease. What is the titer amount?
> 500
In acute cases what clears the virus from the blood and liver and restricts hepatic damage?
A sufficient (>500) antibody response by day 7 post infection.
What will a persistently low antibody (<14) titer cause?
Widespred centrilobular to panlobular hepatic necrosis.
What does partial immunity result in? How much is partial immunity?
AB titer >16 but <500
Result in chronic active hepatitis (cirrhosis) and hepatic fibrosis
What happens to the kidney in CAV-1 infections?
Glomerulonephritis
Lesions may result from immune-complex reactions after recovery from acute of subclinical disease.
What does CAV-1 do to the eye?
20% of CAV-1 cases will develop cornea edema (blue eye)
What % of dogs develop blue eye after vaccination for CAV-1?
<1% (but it is possible)
When is corneal blue eye seen?
Dogs recovering from CAV-1 or chronic cases of CAV-1
How does corneal blue eye occur (pathogenesis)?
Look carefully at slide 24-26
It is due to extensive damage to corneal epithelium and accumulation of edematous fluid in cornea storm.
What does DIC result from?
Damage to endothelium
Inability for diseased liver to remove clotting factors
What are general clinical signs of ICH?
Unvaccinated dogs <1 year
Concurrent with parvo or disteper
Asymptomatic on outside
Slight fever to death
What are the peracute ICH clinical signs?
Death within few hours
What are the acute ICH clinical signs?
Fever >104C Vomiting Hepatomegaly (abdominal pain) Jaundice (uncommon in actue!) Swollen LN Blue eye when clinical recovery begins
What is seen in foxes with acute ICH?
Encephalitis
What clinical sign can be seen in acute ICH but is rare?
Jaundice/Icterus
How is ICH diagnosed?
On Necropsy:
Paint brush hemorrhage in GI, LN, pancreas
Centrilobular necrosis of the liver
Grayish white foci in kidney cortex of recovered or chronic cases
Virus isolation from urine
PCR
How is ICH treated?
Symptomatic and supportive.
Goal: Limit bacterial invasion, support fluid balance, and control hemorrhagic tendencies.
What is the vaccination schedule for ICH?
1st vaccination between 6-12 weeks of age
2nd vaccination at 14-16 weeks
What types of vaccinations are available?
Attenuated CAV-1 live vaccine – can cause shedding in urine, uni/bialteral opacity in eye, and mild nephritis – discontinued in many countries
*CAV-2 attenuated live virus strains– no shedding and very little tendency to produce corneal opacity or uveitis.
