Adernal Medullary Hormone Flashcards
(40 cards)
Where is adrenaline made?
In the adrenal medulla.
What type of hormone is adrenaline?
A catecholamine (a chemical that acts as both a hormone and neurotransmitter).
What are the two roles of catecholamines?
- Act as hormones when released into the blood by the adrenal glands.
- Act as neurotransmitters when released by nerves in the brain.
What amino acid is adrenaline made from?
Phenylalanine.
What other hormones belong to the catecholamine family?
Dopamine and norepinephrine.
How does adrenaline travel in the body?
It binds to adrenergic receptors on different organs.
What does adrenaline do to the heart?
It increases heart rate and the force of contractions.
How does adrenaline affect breathing?
It relaxes the bronchi (airways), making breathing easier.
What does adrenaline do to blood vessels?
It relaxes blood vessels in muscles to send more blood to them.
What effect does adrenaline have on the liver?
It stimulates glycogen breakdown to release glucose for energy.
How does adrenaline affect digestion?
It slows digestion by decreasing stomach and intestine movement.
What happens to insulin levels when adrenaline is released?
Adrenaline blocks insulin release, keeping blood sugar high.
How does adrenaline affect the kidneys?
It increases renin secretion, which helps control blood pressure.
What triggers adrenaline release?
Stressful situations, like fear, pain, exercise, or low blood sugar.
What part of the brain tells the adrenal glands to release adrenaline?
The hypothalamus, which controls the stress response.
What nervous system controls adrenaline release?
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS).
What neurotransmitter tells the adrenal medulla to release adrenaline?
Acetylcholine (ACh).
What hormone works with adrenaline to maintain blood pressure and energy?
Cortisol.
Does adrenaline use negative feedback to stop its release?
No, it stops when the stressful situation is over.
How does the body get rid of extra adrenaline?
- Reabsorbed by nerve cells.
- Diluted in the blood.
- Broken down by enzymes (monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyl transferase).
What condition is adrenaline used to treat in emergencies?
Anaphylactic shock (severe allergic reaction).
How does adrenaline help during an allergic reaction?
It opens airways, raises blood pressure, and stops swelling.
What is a common name for the adrenaline injection used for severe allergies?
EpiPen.
What are the main receptors that adrenaline binds to?
Beta (β) and alpha (α) adrenergic receptors.
