Limbic System

Question 1

What is short-term memory?

Answer 1

Temporary memory lasting seconds to minutes; holds small bits of info briefly.

Question 2

What is working memory?

Answer 2

Short-term memory that allows manipulation and processing of info (e.g., sorting numbers).

Question 3

What is episodic memory?

Answer 3

Memory of personal events with emotional content (e.g., first day at school).

Question 4

What is semantic memory?

Answer 4

Memory of facts and concepts, independent of context

Question 5

What is procedural memory?

Answer 5

Memory of motor skills and habits (e.g., driving); does not require conscious recall.

Question 6

Which brain areas are involved in procedural memory?

Answer 6

Cerebellum, basal ganglia, thalamus, and motor cortex.

Question 7

What is intermediate long-term memory?

Answer 7

Memory lasting hours to weeks, sustained by temporary synaptic changes.

Question 8

What is true long-term memory?

Answer 8

Memory lasting months to lifetime; associated with structural changes in neurons.

Question 9

What are the key components of the limbic system?

Answer 9

Cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus, anterior insula.

Question 10

What are the functions of the limbic system?

Answer 10

Emotion, memory, behavior, olfaction, autonomic function.

Question 11

What is the function of the hippocampus?

Answer 11

Memory formation and consolidation.

Question 12

Where is the hippocampus located?

Answer 12

Medial temporal lobe, floor of temporal horn of lateral ventricle.

Question 13

What is the hippocampus’s role in long-term memory?

Answer 13

It teaches the neocortex and helps transfer info for permanent storage.

Question 14

List the pathway of the Papez circuit

Answer 14

Hippocampus → Fornix → Mammillary bodies → Anterior thalamus → Cingulate gyrus → Entorhinal cortex → Back to hippocampus.

Question 15

What syndrome is associated with damage to the Papez circuit?

Answer 15

Korsakoff syndrome – caused by thiamine deficiency (seen in alcoholics).

Question 16

What does the amygdala do?

Answer 16

Adds emotional (especially fear) value to memories.

Question 17

What syndrome results from bilateral destruction of the amygdala?

Answer 17

Kluver-Bucy syndrome – causes loss of fear, hyperorality, hypersexuality.

Question 18

What is the function of the nucleus accumbens?

Answer 18

Reward and addiction processing via dopamine.

Question 19

What neurotransmitter is key in the reward pathway?

Answer 19

Dopamine

Question 20

Which structure is primarily responsible for memory formation?
A. Amygdala
B. Hippocampus
C. Thalamus
D. Basal ganglia

Answer 20

B. Hippocampus

Question 21

Procedural memory involves all the following EXCEPT:
A. Cerebellum
B. Basal ganglia
C. Hippocampus
D. Motor cortex

Answer 21

C. Hippocampus

Question 22

Kluver-Bucy syndrome is caused by damage to the:
A. Hippocampus
B. Thalamus
C. Amygdala
D. Frontal lobe

Answer 22

C. Amygdala

Question 23

Which of the following correctly describes working memory?
A. Retains info long-term for recall
B. Handles info used temporarily without processing
C. Allows short-term storage and manipulation of data
D. Stores motor actions for repeated performance

Answer 23

C. Allows short-term storage and manipulation of data

Question 24

Which is the correct sequence in the Papez circuit?
A. Hippocampus → Cingulate gyrus → Fornix → Mammillary bodies
B. Mammillary bodies → Fornix → Hippocampus
C. Hippocampus → Fornix → Mammillary bodies → Thalamus → Cingulate gyrus
D. Hippocampus → Thalamus → Fornix → Cingulate gyrus

Answer 24

C. Hippocampus → Fornix → Mammillary bodies → Thalamus → Cingulate gyrus

Question 25

Which memory type is most affected in Korsakoff syndrome? A. Procedural B. Episodic C. Working D. Short-term

Answer 25

B. Episodic

Question 26

Which structure plays a major role in addiction and reward-seeking behavior? A. Amygdala B. Cingulate gyrus C. Nucleus accumbens D. Hypothalamus

Answer 26

C. Nucleus accumbens