Adolescence Nutritional Needs I&II

Question 1

How would you figure out what you need to eat?

Answer 1

Calculate the:
1. Amount of macro and micronutrients required
2. Estimated Energy Requirements
3. Determine hoe many servings are required for each food group
4. Design and assess diet

Question 2

What are the 3 Nutrient Assessments?

Answer 2

Dietary Intake
Anthropometrics
Common Lab Values

Question 3

Nutrient Assessment: Dietary Intake

Answer 3

1. Food Frequency Questionnaire
2. 24 hour recall
   - Document food consumption for a period of time
   - Assessment on the nutritive value of the food items for calories, macronutrients

Question 4

Nutrient Assessment: Anthropometrics

Answer 4

BMI
- Cutoffs for adult over 19 years old
- Formula: Weight (kg) / height (cm) ^2
- Advantage: predicts the impact of body weight on morbidity and mortality risks
- Disadvantage: Does not take into consideration muscle mass, lean body mass, done density

CDC Growth Chart
- Developed growth charts to monitor growth from infancy to adulthood
- Developed in 1977
- 3 different charts:
Stature/length-for-age: Describes linear growth relative to age; used to define shortness or tallness

Weight-for-age: Reflects body weight relative to age is influenced by recent changes in health or nutritional status; not used to classify children and adolescents as underweight, overweight, or at risk of overweight.
Ex: Relative to x year olds, she is weighs a little (less/more).

BMI-for-age: Combines height and weight; used to classify children and adolescents as underweight, overweight, or at risk of overweight.

Question 5

What are the types of grains? Which one is preferred?

Answer 5

Whole, Refined, Enriched

Whole grains are preferred- consumption of refined grains should be limited.

Question 6

What are whole grains?

Answer 6

Entire kernel including endosperm, germ, and bran

Question 7

What are refined grains? How does this affect nutrient intake?

Answer 7

Removal of Bran and germ. This can lead to the loss of fiber, iron, and vitamins.

Question 8

What are enriched grains?

Answer 8

Refined grains in which some of the nutrients have been added back.

Question 9

What is the general recommendations for protein intake?

Answer 9

• Have lean meats
• Avoid processed meat and unsalted nuts

Question 10

Fat is not officially a food group, but why is it included?

Answer 10

It is included because of its many health benefits.

Question 11

What are the 4 major source of essential fatty acids and vitamin E?

Answer 11

Seeds, seafood, olives, avocado

Question 12

What are the diary cup equivalents?

Answer 12

1 cup yogurt
1 cup milk or soymilk
1.5oz natural cheese (cheddar cheese)
2 oz processed cheese (cream cheese)

Question 13

What are the grain ounce equivalents?

Answer 13

1 slice of bread, tortilla, or flat bread
½ cup of cooked rice, pasta, cooked cereal
1 oz ready-to-eat cereal
1 cup flaked cereal

Question 14

What are the common clinical lab values/factors?

Answer 14

Hematocrit
- Measures the portion of the blood that consists of red blood cells
- Influenced by the size and number of red blood cells
- Low values indicate anemia

Hemoglobin
- Measures the amount of hemoglobin in the blood
- Low values indicate of anemia

Cholesterol
- Measures the different forms of cholesterol in the blood in milligrams per deciliter
- Total Cholesterol (Less than 200 mg/dL)
- HDL Cholesterol (60 mg/dL and above)
- LDL (Less than 100 mg/dL)
- Aberrant levels is indicative of cardiovascular disorders

Glucose
- Measures the levels of glucose in the blood
- Aberrant levels indicative of diabetes, hyperglycemia