Tools of the Trade I Flashcards
(19 cards)
1990 Nutrition Labeling Education Act
- Labeling ingredient foods and supplements is required
- Beverages must state the percentage or fruit or vegetable juices in the product
- Health claims must be FDA Approved
What modifications were made in 2016 to the 1990 Nutrition Labeling Education act and why?
Why: Better inform consumers as a response to the increase in childhood obesity
What:
1. Replace Vitamin A and C with Vitamin D and potassium because they were important for bone density.
2. Include Added sugars.
3. Adjust serving sizes based on what people actually consumed.
4. Bold Calories
What is the 2014 FDA Menu Labeling Final Rule, and why is it important?
Restaurant chains that have more than 20 stores are required to publish a meals calorie info next to the name on menu boards.
Why? This will inform consumers to make healthy dietary choices.
What is a calorie?
The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celsius
What are examples of Carbohydrates?
Simple sugars
Starch
Sugar alcohols
Dietary fibers
What is the function of Carbohydrates?
Source of energy in the body
How many kilocalories is 1 gram of CHO?
4
What are fibers?
Type of carbohydrate that is not digested by the body to contribute to blood sugar.
What are the two types of Fibers and their functions?
Soluble: Dissolves in aqueous solutions and forms a gel like substance in the stomach
Insoluble: Does not dissolve in the body-remains intact. Contributes to poop
Where are fats founded? What are they most present in?
They are found in plants and animals. They are most present in triacylglycerol molecules.
What are the types of fat? Give examples for the 4 types. Which one is essential?
Saturated: Made up of single bonded hydrocarbons- dairy products
Monounsaturated: Made up of double bonded hydrocarbons- olive oil
Polyunsaturated: Essential- Omega 3 and 6
Trans-fat: Found in hydrogenated oils
What is the function of fats?
Store energy
Insulation
Component of cell membranes
Reproduction
Absorption of fat soluble vitamins A, K, D, E
What are proteins made up of and what is the function?
Amino acids
Function: component of every cell in body- serves as enzymes, hormones, precursors for nucleic acid, carriers
What are the two types of proteins? Define them.
Complete- Contains all essential amino acids
* can’t be synthesized from the body, must be obtained from diet
Incomplete- Contains some of the essential amino acids
*Needs another incomplete source to become complete
What is the function of sodium?
Fluid balance in the plasma, active transport of ions, and muscle contractions
Why should sodium be consumed in small amounts?
Excess consumption is correlated with increase blood pressure which can lead to stroke and heart disease.
Is there a dietary requirement for cholesterol? Can we synthesize all the cholesterol we need?
No.
Yes, we can.
What is the function of cholestrol?
It is a component of plasma cell membranes, precursor for steroid hormones, and bile acid synthesis.
Why does cholesterol have a bad reputation?
Because of LDL’s (a carrier protein of cholesterol) linear trend with cardiovascular disease.
