Adolescent Flashcards

Question

Cannabis Use Disorder

Answer 1

CUD is defined as a problematic pattern of cannabis use leading to clinically significant impairment in areas of function or distress within a 12-month period Usually, adolescents experience the following functional impairments: reduced academic performance, truancy, reduced participation and interest in extracurricular activities, withdrawal from their usual peer groups and conflict with family.

Answer 2

CWS is defined by experiencing at least two of five psychological symptoms—irritability, anxiety, depressed mood, sleep disturbance, appetite changes and at least one of six physical symptoms—abdominal pain, shaking, fever, chills, headache, diaphoresis—after cessation of heavy cannabis use. Heavy cannabis use is defined as daily or near daily use for at least a few months. Withdrawal symptoms commonly occur 24 h to 72 h after last use and persist for 1 to 2 weeks. Sleep disturbance is often reported for up to 1 month.

Answer 3

Older age at time of parental smoking cessation (if parents are ex-smokers) Low socio-economic status Peer and family influence, including lack of parental support Misinformation about the health consequences of smoking Easy access to tobacco products Influence of marketing, exposure to tobacco promotions Previous experimentation Depression and mental health conditions Poor school performance Adverse experiences such as: emotional, and physical or sexual abuse, parental separation or divorce, a household member who is substance abusing, mentally ill or incarcerated substance abuse

Answer 4

5 A’s for smoking cessation | Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange

Answer 5

Asthma- Increased frequency and severity of exacerbations, medication use, hospitalization and risk of respiratory arrest Cystic fibrosis- Increased frequency and severity of bacterial lung infections and hospitalization; accelerated decline in lung function and lower nutritional status Juvenile idiopathic arthritis- Greater disease severity, higher risks for cardiovascular disease and premature death, and exacerbation of osteopenia Cancer- Greater risks from several cancer treatments, for respiratory infections when immunosuppressed, and exacerbated mucositis Sickle cell disease- Increased risk of acute chest syndrome and possible increased risk of stroke Diabetes mellitus- Accelerated cardiovascular and peripheral vascular disease, including atherosclerosis, retinopathy and nephropathy. Smoking increases the morbidity and mortality of type 1 diabetes by 50% to 75%.

Answer 6

Prematurity Stillbirth Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) Effects on fetal brain development Asthma, colds, pneumonia and ear infections (even when parents do not smoke indoors) Acquired heart disease Becoming smokers (even when parents tell children not to start)

Answer 7

Heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung and other cancers Infertility

Answer 8

Bad breath Yellow teeth Harder to keep up during active games or sports Smoking just a few times can get your body hooked so that it is harder to stop Cigarettes are expensive. Smokers spend money on cigarettes that they could use for more fun things Tobacco companies use ads to trick you into thinking that smoking is cool and safe Smoking has long-term effects on health, including several types of cancer and heart attacks It is illegal to buy cigarettes when you are underage

Answer 9

cigar- Nicotine content may be up to four times that of a traditional cigarette hookah- Use of black ‘air-cured’ tobacco increases risk of esophageal cancer and Increases risk of communicable disease via the shared mouthpiece bidi- Nicotine content is three to five times that of a traditional cigarette kretek- Variable nicotine content

Answer 10

chewing tobacco- Associated with substantial risks for gum disease, mouth cancer and oral sores snuff- Risks similar to chewing tobacco snus- Nicotine content is two to six times that of a traditional cigarette dissolvable tobacco- Delivers anywhere from one-half to three times the nicotine of a traditional cigarette, potential for nicotine toxicity electronic cigarrette

Answer 11

Lack of money lack of transportation lack of knowledge to access healthcare Issues with trusting adults and confidentiality concerns Need for health card or permanent address

Answer 12

Home, Education, Eating, Activities, Drugs, Sexuality, Suicide, Safety Conduct a thorough HEEADSSS assessment, devoting specific attention to: ``` History of homelessness, current living situation (ie, shelter or housing program) History of domestic violence History of abuse Learning disorders and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder At-risk behaviours, notably: substance use survival sex unprotected sexual intercourse or unprotected sex Involvement with the justice system: arrests probation recently incarcerated Mental health history Dental health Immunizations ```

Answer 13

Do you consider yourself to be homeless or at risk of becoming homeless? Where do you sleep? Where does your daily food come from? Do you feel safe? Do you know one adult that you can depend on? How do you get your money?

Answer 14

frequency (at least once per week is threshold); whether they tend to gamble more than planned (inability to respect personal limits); behaviours suggesting they are hiding their gambling behaviour from others, such as lying

Answer 15

parents express concern about their youth’s emotional health academic performance seems to be suffering there are sleep problems; money or possessions in the home go missing or there is criminal activity such as theft it is known or suspected that the adolescent is misusing substances family relationships and friendships are impaired Parental concern, Academic issues, Sleep issues, Missing money in the home, Substance abuse, Impaired social relationships

Answer 16

Social isolation can make them more vulnerable to predators May be seen as ‘asexual’ and not believed when they disclose abuse Lack of sexual health education May have weakness or lack of ability to verbally report abuse due to their condition May tolerate a lesser degree of privacy given their daily needs

Answer 17

``` Screening of employees and volunteers Chaperoning for physical exams Supervised outings Promote patient privacy whenever possible Procedures for reporting suspected abuse ```

Answer 18

family-based treatment

Answer 19

every 3-6 months

Answer 20

parental smoking | parental nicotine dependence

Answer 21

TGW based on prior growth (weight, height and BMI percentiles) TGW based on weight at same percentile as height percentile TGW based on median BMI (mBMI) for age TGW based on menstrual threshold + 2 kg

Adolescent Flashcards

(45 cards)