Adolescents

Question 1

what is early adolescence

Answer 1

10-14 yo

Question 2

what is middle adolescence

Answer 2

15-16 yo

Question 3

what is late adolescence

Answer 3

17-20 yo

Question 4

what is puberty

Answer 4

transition from sexual immaturity to sexual maturity
major component of early adolescence

Question 5

what is the mean age of puberty in girls

Answer 5

10.5 yo (range 8-12)

Question 6

what is the mean age of puberty in boys

Answer 6

11.5 yo (range 9-13)

Question 7

what is precocious puberty

Answer 7

onset of puberty 2-3 S. D before the mean
girls: breast development before age 8
boys: testicular enlargement before age of 9

Question 8

what is delayed puberty

Answer 8

absence of signs of puberty 2-3 S.D after the mean
Girls: 12 yo for breast development
boys: 14 yo for testicular enlargement

Question 9

What is the Tanner Stages

Answer 9

AKA sexual maturity rating

development of secondary sexual characteristics
5 stages

Question 10

what are the 5 stages of breast development

Answer 10

1: pre-pubertal
2: breast bud with elevation of breast and nipple; enlargement of areola
3: further enlargement of breast and areola; no separation of their contour
4: areola and nipple form a secondary mount above the level of the breast
5: mature stage: projection of nipple only, related to recession of areola

Question 11

what are the 5 stages of pubic hair

Answer 11

1: prepubertal: may have vellous hair
2: sparse growth, slightly pigmented, at base of penis or along labia
3: darker, coarser and more curled, beginning to spread over pubis symphysis
4: hair is adult in type, but covers less area than in adult, no spread to medial surface of thighs
5: adult in type and quantity, horizontal upper border, spread over medial thighs

Question 12

what are the 5 stages of penis, testes and scrotum

Answer 12

1: prepubertal
2: slight or no enlargement of penis, testes larger, scrotum larger and somewhat reddened with altered texture
3: larger (length) of penis, further enlargement of testes and scrotum
4: further enlargement of length and breadth with development of glans (penis), further enlargement; scrotal skin darkened of testes and scrotum
5: adult in size and shape

Question 13

What is the prader orchiodometer

Answer 13

scrotum measurements

pre-pubertal: 1-3ml
pubertal: 4-12ml
Adult: 12-25ml

Question 14

what is early cognitive development

Answer 14

concrete operational thinking

Question 15

what is middle cognitive development

Answer 15

transition phase: often highly emotional, make different decisions when experiencing strong emotions

Question 16

what is late cognitive development

Answer 16

formal operational thinking (not everyone)
reason logically and abstractly, consider future implication of actions

Question 17

what is social/emotional development

Answer 17

transition from family-dominated to autonomy and peer influence
struggles: identity, independence, intimacy
can lead to stress, health problems, risk-taking

Question 18

what are the major causes of morbidity and mortality for adolescence

Answer 18

car accidents
homicide and suicide
alcohol and drug use
unintended pregnancy and STIs
Obesity

Question 19

what are possible privacy problem areas for adolescence

Answer 19

Medical records - EMG, Medical record requests, patient portals
HIPAA
FERPA (school records)
Billing
pharmacist

Question 20

What is the acronym HEADSS

Answer 20

Home
Education/employment
Activities
Drugs
Sexuality
Suicide/mental health

some groups add in Eating and Safety as separate categories

Question 21

what is the Cobb angle assessing

Answer 21

assessing for scoliosis with Adam’s forward bend test

Question 22

what are routine immunizations for adolescence

Answer 22

annual flu shot
2 doses of meningococcal vaccine: age 11-12 and 16
Tdap booster (usually 11-12 yo)
HPV series (2-3 dose series, depending on age started)

Question 23

What are universal screenings in adolescents

Answer 23

depression screening: beginning at 12yo
tobacco, alcohol and drug use screening: beginning at 12yo
Hearing: once between 9-11, once between 15-17
Vision: age 12
HIV screening: once between 15-18 (if + risk factors)
Lipids: once between 17-21 (esp. if done 11-12)

Question 24

what is the PHQ-2

Answer 24

over the past two weeks, how often have you been bothered by any of the following problems:

“Little interest or pleasure in doing things”
“feeling down, depressed, or hopeless”

Question 25

What is CRAFFT

Answer 25

C(ar) : ridden in a car driven by someone (including self) who was “high” or had been using alcohol or drugs?
R(elax) : do you ever use alcohol or drugs to relax, feel better about yourself, or fit in?
A(long) : do you ever use alcohol or drugs while you are by yourself, alone?
F(orget) : do you ever forget things you did while using alcohol or drugs?
F(riends) : do your family/friends ever tell you that you should cut down on your drinking/drug use?
T(rouble) : have you ever gotten into trouble while you were using alcohol or drugs?

Question 26

what are the goals of PP PE

Answer 26

maximize safe participation
identify problems with risks of life-threatening complications during participation
identify conditions that require a treatment plan
identify and rehabilitate old MSK injuries
identify and treat conditions that interfere with performance
remove unnecessary restrictions on participation

Question 27

What are key parts of the history for PPPE

Answer 27

medical
injury
cardiovascular
family
ROS

Question 28

What are signs used for Marfans syndrome

Answer 28

wrist sign
arachnodactyly
thumb sign
arm span