Adrenal cortex

Question 1

What does the zona fasiculatata/reticularis produce

Answer 1

Cortisol, corticosterone, DHEA, and Andosterone

Question 2

How does the ACTH/Cortisol loop work

Answer 2

Cortisol into blood, feed backs on pituitary and slows the production of ACTH

Question 3

What does ACTH do

Answer 3

Stimulates growth and steroid production of zona fasiculata and reticualris of adrenal cortex

Question 4

Can ACTH be used cross species

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Who uses cortisol only

Answer 5

Cats, primates, horses

Question 6

Who uses cortisol and corticosterone

Answer 6

Dogs

Question 7

What uses corticosterone

Answer 7

birds, rats, mice

Question 8

What are some tissues that glucocorticoids affect

Answer 8

Metabolic, immune, blood, skeletal

Question 9

What are the metabolic effects of glucocorticoids

Answer 9

Promotes gluconeogenisis
Stimulates lipolysis
promotes protein breakdown
glycogen formation
inhibit glucose uptake
catabolic

Question 10

What is the only thing that the CNS can use for energy

Answer 10

glucose

Question 11

What is the main function of adrenocortical steroids

Answer 11

maintain blood glucose

glycogen storage

Question 12

what are the potencies of the corticoid hormones

Answer 12

Crotisol 3x > corticosterone = aldosterone

Question 13

What are some immune functions of glucocorticoids

Answer 13

Potent anti-inflammatory role
Immunosuppression
Potential for infections

Question 14

How do glucocorticoids influence blood

Answer 14

increase neutrophils, decrease lymphocytes

Question 15

How do glucocorticoids affect skeletal system

Answer 15

promote bone breakdown

Inhibits vit D

Question 16

What does cortisol do at high level to T-lymphocytes

Answer 16

inhibit T-lymphocytes

Question 17

What is the function of DHEA

Answer 17

primary androgen

Question 18

Why are DHEA and aldosterone important

Answer 18

may play a role in development of secondary sexual characteristics at puberty
Substrates for estrogens
anti-aging

Question 19

What are the effects of mineralocorticoids

Answer 19

Promote Na retention and K elimination
Water retention
H ion elimination

Question 20

What is an example of a mineralcorticoid

Answer 20

aldosterone

Question 21

What is another name for Hyperandrenocorticim

Answer 21

cushing

Question 22

What is the most common cause of spontaneous Cushing

Answer 22

excessive ACTH production

Question 23

where is Cushing syndrome most common

Answer 23

Older dogs

Question 24

What is suppressed in animals with primary adenocortical tumors

Answer 24

ACTH and CRH

Question 25

What is iatrogenic Cushings

Answer 25

Cushing disease caused by the Dr.

Question 26

What is a cause of iatrogenic Cushing caused by a Dr.

Answer 26

Exogenous glucocoritcoids causing clinical signs of cortisol excess. Stop giving glucocorticoids Atrophy of zona fasiculata Adrenal supression

Question 27

What are some symptoms of Cushing

Answer 27

Polydipsia and polyuria Hyperphagia Abdominal enlargement

Question 28

How quick does Cushing progress

Answer 28

slowly

Question 29

What are the catabolic effects of Cushing

Answer 29

Increase blood glucose Muscle wasting Thin skin Decreased bone density

Question 30

How do you diagnose Cushing

Answer 30

Elevated cortisol ACTH challenge -increased capacity to make cortisol Dexamethasome test (DEX)

Question 31

What are two types of Cushing

Answer 31

Pituitary-dependent hyperandrenocorticism (PDH) -more common Primary hyperandenocorticism

Question 32

PHD is caused by

Answer 32

increased ACTH production

Question 33

Primary hyperadrenocorticism is caused by

Answer 33

adrenal tumors

Question 34

What does a low does DEX treatment determine

Answer 34

If animal has Cushing

Question 35

What doesn't low dose DEX determine

Answer 35

difference between tumor and PHD Cushing

Question 36

What does High-dose DEX test do

Answer 36

Suppress cortisol levels in PDH patients, but Cushing caused by a tumor

Question 37

What will ACTH levels be in dogs with PDH

Answer 37

higher than normal

Question 38

What will ACTH levels be in dogs with adrenal tumors

Answer 38

Lower than normal

Question 39

What is the most common treatment of PDH

Answer 39

Lysodren

Question 40

What does Lysodern do to treat PDH

Answer 40

Selective necrosis of zona fasiculata and reticularis

Question 41

What would happen if you gave too much Lysodren to a dog

Answer 41

cause hypoadrenocorticism

Question 42

What is Addison disease

Answer 42

Hypoadrenocorticism

Question 43

What is difference between primary and secondary diseases in Addison and Cushing disease

Answer 43

Cushing- treated the same | Addison- different treatments

Question 44

What do you use to diagnose secondary Addison

Answer 44

ACTH

Question 45

What is the most common cause of primary adrenocortical failure

Answer 45

Autoimmune

Question 46

What is an important cause of secondary Addison

Answer 46

Iatrogenic (caused by clinician)

Question 47

How long does it take for ACTH to recover

Answer 47

months

Question 48

What is the treatment of primary Addison

Answer 48

Saline followed by glucocoriticoids and mineral corticoids (on exam last year)

Question 49

What is the treatment for secondary Addison

Answer 49

Glucocorticoid treatment (no mineralcoritoids [on exam last year])

Question 50

What does the zona glomerulosa produce

Answer 50

Aldosterone