Adrenal Glands Flashcards
(22 cards)
*sit on top of the kidneys
*produce & secrete 30 hormones
Adrenal gland
Adrenal gland 2 fxnal areas
-cortex: outer 3 zones all hormones cholesterol based steroid hormones
-medulla: inner area
Mineralocorticoids: Aldosterone maintains?
Electrolytes (na2+ & K+) water balance
Glucocorticoids: Cortisol facilitate?
Metabolic processes
Sex hormones contribute to the development of the secondary sex traits (estrogen, testosterone; small quantities) ?
Gonadocorticoids: Androgens
Essential for regulation of extra cellular levels of: NA H2O balance & K RMP?
Mineralocorticoids
______ inversely proportionate relationship o excretion from kidneys?
Increase Na results I decrease K
Na & K
Aldosterone maintains retention of Na+ (And water) keeping the sodium within the body by?
-decrease Na Mineralocorticoids
-increase Na reabsorption
-increase K secretion
Aldosterone secretion is mediated by?
-K blood levels
-Bvol & blood levels
-ACTH blood levels
-Renin-angiotensin mechanism
-ANF (atrial natriuretic factor)
-affects metabolism of cells
-maintain blood sugar evens & BP
-enable body to w/stand stress (physical and emotional)
-regulated by ACTH
Glucocorticoids
Glucocorticoids=
cortisol Aka?
Hydrocortisone
HPA=
Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis
3 major effects of cortisol?
Metabolic:
-increase gluconegenesis
-increase beta oxidation
Psychological:
-regulation of behaviour & emotional stability
adrenal cortical insufficiency
-rare, chronic disorder requiring lifelong HRT
-destruction of adrenal or Tex & loss of cortisol hormones (affects aldosterone & cortisol)
-increase ACTH levels d/t lack of feedback inhibition
Causes: autoimmune, TB
1st Addison’s disease
adrenal insufficiency d/t decrease pituitary Fxn (uncommon) & rapid withdrawal of corticosteroid therapy
2nd Addison’s disease
Two types of s/s of Addison’s disease
Hypoaldosteronism: craving salt, dehydration, weak, fatigue
Hypocortisolism: weak, fever, vomiting, weight loss
-life threatening state of severe adrenal insufficiency
-d/t hemorrhage
Tx: 5 s’s
-salt replacement
-sugar replacement
-steroid replacement
-support off physiologic fxning
-search for & treat underlying condition
Adrenal crisis
excess aldosterone section (decrease renin-angiotensin activity)
causes:
-adrenal adenoma (conn’s syndrome)
-bilateral d renal hyperplasia (idiopathic)
Pathogenesis:
-increase aldosterone levels
-Na & H2O retention
-increase BVol
-decrease renin-angiotensin
1st Hyperaldosteronism
-m weakness
-tetany
-paralysis
-cardiac irregularities
Hypokalemia
Compensatory response to increase renin, d/t decrease BP in renal vessels or juxtaglomerular pathology
2nd hyperaldosteronism
adrenal Insufficiency d/t hypothalamic defect (decrease CRH)
3rd Addison’s disease
Cushing syndrome: hypercortisolism Causes?
Exogenous (common):
-iatrogenic: d/t ++ steroid therapy (illness caused by medial intervention)
Endogenous (uncommon)
-anterior pituitary tumour (Cushing disease)
-adrenal tumour
-ectopic
