Lp 6

Question 1

Carry somatic & visceral sensory input from the periphery to the brain

Answer 1

Ascending tracts

Question 2

Carry somatic & visceral motor output fro the brain to the muscles and glands?

Answer 2

Descending tracts

Question 3

What type of matter are the nerve fibre bundles of the SC composed of?

Answer 3

White matter (myelin)

Question 4

Three main pathways carry somatosensory impulses up the spinal cord

Answer 4

-spinothalamic pathways
-dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathways
-spinocerebral pathways

Question 5

-descussate (cross over)
-lateral spinothalamic tract: pn & temp touch & P
-skin to SC to thalamus to cortex

Answer 5

Spinothalamic

Question 6

-decussate
-dorsal column: fasciculus gracillis & fasciculus cuneatus
-discriminative touch, P & body position
-skin & proprioceptors to medulla & thalamus to somatosensory cortex

Answer 6

Dorsal column- medial lemniscal

Question 7

-subconscious proprioception
-impulses from lower limbs/trunk
-sensory receptors to SC to cerebellum
-do not decussate

Answer 7

Spinocerebellar tracts

Question 8

Impulses from upper limbs, upper trunk & neck

Answer 8

Fasciculus cuneatus

Question 9

Impulses from lower limbs, inferior trunk

Answer 9

Fasciculus gracillis

Question 10

3 major brain centres (integrative centres) are responsible for receiving and processing this information?

Answer 10

-cerebellum
-thalamus
-somatosensory cortex

Question 11

-initiates subconscious skeletal motor responses
-info relayed to motor cortex & sub-cortical motor centres
-facilitates skilled voluntary movements

Answer 11

Cerebellum (proprioception)

Question 12

-relay station for sensory impulses
-regulates ++ body activities
-bilateral (paired)
-comprised of several nuclei
-takes up about 80% of diencephalon mass

Answer 12

Thalamus

Question 13

-integration & interpretation of sensory input
-conscious awareness of sensation

Answer 13

Somatosensory cortex

Question 14

-3 columns through brain stem
-synapse in hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, spinal cord
-RAS: consciousness & alertness; sensory filter

Answer 14

Reticular formation

Question 15

-conscious & subconscious Fxns
-ensure appropriate responses to environmental stimuli at all levels of neural Fxn (somatic & visceral)

Answer 15

Integrative centres

Question 16

Grey matter areas, brain segment located inferior to the cerebrum
-major components:
thalamus: major relay centre for sensory &
hypothalamus: responsible for autonomic & endocrine fxns

Answer 16

The diencephalon

Question 17

-superior part of the brain
-higher mental capacities

Answer 17

Cerebral hemispheres

Question 18

-caps cerebral hemispheres; spans all lobes
-convoluted surface= ++ increase surface area (millions of neurons)
-composed of grey matter

Answer 18

Cerebral cortex

Question 19

Anatomical lobes of the brain cerebral cortex sensory areas:
-frontal?
-parietal?
-temporal?
-occipital?

Answer 19

-frontal= anterior cranium
-parietal= superior/lateral
-temporal= lateral
-occipital= posterior

Question 20

Cortex is complex= ? Fxnal ? Areas

Answer 20

52 fxnal (Brodmann) areas

Question 21

Cerebral cortex fxnal areas?

Answer 21

-sensory: conscious awareness of sensation
-motor: control voluntary movement, together with the basal nuclei
-association: integration of input resulting in purposeful action

*sensory & motor fxns are localized in contra lateral cerebral hemisphere

Question 22

-Discrete (localized) areas w/specific sensory & motor fxns
-many higher fxns (ex. Memory, language) are spread over large areas of the cortex in overlapping domains

Answer 22

Domains

Question 23

Brain areas integrating somatic & visceral input:

-1* somatosensory cortex=?

-Somatosensory association area=?

Answer 23

-Spatial discrimination

-Evaluates somatic sensory input

Question 24

Cerebral hemispheres association areas?

Answer 24

-anterior association area (prefrontal cortex)
-posterior association area
-lambic association area

Question 25

-higher mental Fxns -lesions leads to: *personality disorders *lack of social restraint *loss of judgement

Answer 25

Anterior association areas (prefrontal cortex)

Question 26

-w/in temporal, parietal, occipital lobes -recognition of patterns & faces -understanding written & spoken language (ex. Wernickle’s area) -lesions lead to disconnection from physical self

Answer 26

Posterior association area

Question 27

-Provides emotional impact of a scene/experience -involved in memories so we can remember the experience

Answer 27

Limbic associations area

Question 28

Hemisphere specialization in a fxnal area?

Answer 28

Lateralization

Question 29

Logical, mathematical, analytic?

Answer 29

Left brain

Question 30

Creative, intuitive, artistic?

Answer 30

Right brain