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adrenal glands Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Where is the adrenal gland located?

A

On the top of each kidney

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2
Q

What are the two main parts of the adrenal gland?

A

Cortex and medulla

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3
Q

What are the three zones of the adrenal cortex?

A
  • Zona glomerulosa
  • Zona fasciculata
  • Zona reticularis
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4
Q

What does the zona glomerulosa produce?

A

Mineralocorticoids

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5
Q

What is the primary mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal gland?

A

Aldosterone

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6
Q

What stimulates the release of aldosterone?

A
  • ACTH
  • Renin-Angiotensin System
  • [K+] blood
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7
Q

What condition results from excess aldosterone?

A

Hyperaldosteronism

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8
Q

What condition results from deficient aldosterone?

A

Hypoaldosteronism or Addison’s disease

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9
Q

What is the function of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System?

A

Regulates blood volume, electrolyte balance, and vascular resistance

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10
Q

What cells in the renal tubules are involved in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System?

A

Juxtaglomerular cells (Macula Densa)

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11
Q

What is the role of angiotensin II?

A

Vasoconstrictor

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12
Q

What triggers renin release?

A

Reduction in blood volume and blood pressure

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13
Q

What is the effect of aldosterone on sodium?

A

Stimulates reabsorption of Na+

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14
Q

What is the role of principal cells in the kidneys?

A

Stimulate countercurrent Na+-K+ exchange

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15
Q

What is the effect of aldosterone on potassium?

A

Increased K+ excreted in urine

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16
Q

What does cortisol primarily regulate?

A

Metabolism and stress response

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17
Q

What is the primary glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal gland?

A

Cortisol

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18
Q

What condition results from excess cortisol?

A

Cushing’s Syndrome

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19
Q

What condition results from deficient cortisol?

A

Addison’s disease

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20
Q

What type of hormone is cortisol considered?

A

Catabolic hormone

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21
Q

What is the cortisol awakening response?

A

Diurnal circadian rhythm

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22
Q

What hormones do the zona fasciculata and reticularis synthesize?

A

Adrenal androgens

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23
Q

Which hormone is produced principally by the adrenal medulla?

24
Q

What is the primary function of adrenaline?

Study These Flashcards
A

Stress response (‘Fight-or-Flight’)

25
What effects does adrenaline have on the body?
* Increases heart rate * Increases force of myocardial contraction * Reduces gastrointestinal motility * Increases blood pressure * Causes bronchodilation * Increases rate of breathing * Causes vasoconstriction in skin and GIT * Causes vasodilation in muscles, heart, and liver * Promotes glycogenolysis and lipolysis
26
Fill in the blank: The adrenal medulla produces principally _______.
Adrenaline
27
What is the precursor to adrenaline in its synthesis pathway?
Tyrosine
28
What is the role of ACTH in adrenal hormone production?
Stimulates production of adrenal hormones
29
Where is the adrenal gland located?
On the top of each kidney
30
What are the two main parts of the adrenal gland?
Cortex and medulla
31
What are the three zones of the adrenal cortex?
* Zona glomerulosa * Zona fasciculata * Zona reticularis
32
What does the zona glomerulosa produce?
Mineralocorticoids
33
What is the primary mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal gland?
Aldosterone
34
What stimulates the release of aldosterone?
* ACTH * Renin-Angiotensin System * [K+] blood
35
What condition results from excess aldosterone?
Hyperaldosteronism
36
What condition results from deficient aldosterone?
Hypoaldosteronism or Addison’s disease
37
What is the function of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System?
Regulates blood volume, electrolyte balance, and vascular resistance
38
What cells in the renal tubules are involved in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System?
Juxtaglomerular cells (Macula Densa)
39
What is the role of angiotensin II?
Vasoconstrictor
40
What triggers renin release?
Reduction in blood volume and blood pressure
41
What is the effect of aldosterone on sodium?
Stimulates reabsorption of Na+
42
What is the role of principal cells in the kidneys?
Stimulate countercurrent Na+-K+ exchange
43
What is the effect of aldosterone on potassium?
Increased K+ excreted in urine
44
What does cortisol primarily regulate?
Metabolism and stress response
45
What is the primary glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal gland?
Cortisol
46
What condition results from excess cortisol?
Cushing’s Syndrome
47
What condition results from deficient cortisol?
Addison’s disease
48
What type of hormone is cortisol considered?
Catabolic hormone
49
What is the cortisol awakening response?
Diurnal circadian rhythm
50
What hormones do the zona fasciculata and reticularis synthesize?
Adrenal androgens
51
Which hormone is produced principally by the adrenal medulla?
Adrenaline
52
What is the primary function of adrenaline?
Stress response ('Fight-or-Flight')
53
What effects does adrenaline have on the body?
* Increases heart rate * Increases force of myocardial contraction * Reduces gastrointestinal motility * Increases blood pressure * Causes bronchodilation * Increases rate of breathing * Causes vasoconstriction in skin and GIT * Causes vasodilation in muscles, heart, and liver * Promotes glycogenolysis and lipolysis
54
Fill in the blank: The adrenal medulla produces principally _______.
Adrenaline
55
What is the precursor to adrenaline in its synthesis pathway?
Tyrosine
56
What is the role of ACTH in adrenal hormone production?
Stimulates production of adrenal hormones

human anatomy (21 decks)

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