Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists

Question 1

Drugs that affect the sympathetic nervous system, also called adrenergic agonists

Answer 1

Sympathomimetics

Question 2

Drugs that affect the sympathetic nervous system, also called adrenergic blockers

Answer 2

Sympatholytics

Question 3

Target of the catecholamines

Answer 3

Adrenergic receptor

Question 4

Chemical structures of a substance, either endogenous or synthetic, that can produce a sympathomimetic response

Answer 4

Catecholamines

Question 5

A term used to describe drugs capable of affecting multiple receptors

Answer 5

Nonselective

Question 6

May inhibit the action of albuterol

Answer 6

Beta antagonists (beta blockers)

Question 7

Drugs that block either the alpha or beta receptor

Answer 7

Adrenergic Antagonists ( adrenergic blockers)

Question 8

Drugs that promote vasodilation, causing a decrease in blood pressure

Answer 8

Alpha Antagonists (alpha blockers)

Question 9

Drugs that block the release of norepinephrine from the sympathetic terminal neurons

Answer 9

Adrenergic neuron antagonists (adrenergic neuron blockers)

Question 10

The autonomic nervous system is made up of which two systems?

Answer 10

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 11

The four types of receptor cells in the sympathetic nervous system are:

Answer 11

Alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2

Question 12

The two types of receptor cells in the parasympathetic nervous system are:

Answer 12

Muscarinic and nicotinic

Question 13

The primary neurotransmitter in the sympathetic (adrenergic) system is:

Answer 13

Norepinephrine

Question 14

The primary neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic (cholinergic) system is:

Answer 14

Acetylcholine

Question 15

True or False: Sympathomimetics stimulate the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Adrenergic receptors are located in:

Answer 16

The eyes, lungs, heart, blood vessels, GI tract, bladder, and uterus

Question 17

Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system causes:

Answer 17

Pupil dilation, lung dilation, constriction of blood vessels, GI muscle relaxation, bladder relaxation, uterine relaxation

Question 18

Alpha 1 receptors are located in:

Answer 18

Blood vessels, eyes, bladder, and prostate

Question 19

Stimulation of alpha 1 receptors causes:

Answer 19

Increased cardiac contractility, blood vessel constriction, increased blood pressure, pupil dilation, reduction in salivary gland secretion, Increased bladder relaxation, prostate contraction

Question 20

Alpha 2 receptors are located in:

Answer 20

Blood vessels and smooth muscle of the GI tract

Question 21

Stimulation of alpha 2 receptors causes:

Answer 21

Decreased vasoconstriction, decreased blood pressure, decrease in GI motility

Question 22

Beta 1 receptors are found in:

Answer 22

Heart and Kidneys

Question 23

Stimulation of beta 1 receptors causes:

Answer 23

Increased cardiac contractility, increased heart rate, increased renin secretion leading to increased blood pressure

Question 24

Beta 2 receptors are found in:

Answer 24

GI tract, lungs, uterus, and liver

Question 25

Stimulation of Beta 2 receptors causes:

Answer 25

Decreased GI motility and tone, bronchodilation, uterine relaxation, increased blood glucose

Question 26

Neurotransmitter inactivation occurs in 3 ways:

Answer 26

1. Reuptake of transmitter back into the neuron. 2. Enzymatic transformation or degradation. 3. Diffusion away from the receptor.

Question 27

Direct-acting adrenergic agonists work by:

Answer 27

Directly stimulating adrenergic receptors

Question 28

Indirect-acting adrenergic agonists work by:

Answer 28

Stimulating release of norepinephrine from terminal nerve endings

Question 29

Mixed-acting adrenergic agonists work by

Answer 29

Directly stimulating adrenergic receptors and stimulating release of norepinephrine from terminal nerve endings

Question 30

Epinephrine is an example of:

Answer 30

A non-selective adrenergic agonist

Question 31

Epinephrine stimulates which receptors in the adrenergic system?

Answer 31

Alpha 1, Beta 1, and Beta 2

Question 32

Epinephrine is used to treat:

Answer 32

Anaphylaxis, bronchospasms, status asthmaticus, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest

Question 33

Drugs that interact with Epinephrine include

Answer 33

Beta blockers, digoxin, TCAs, and MAOIs

Question 34

Albuterol is an example of:

Answer 34

A selective adrenergic agonist. It can become non-selective at high doses.

Question 35

What receptor does albuterol act on and what is the primary effect?

Answer 35

Beta 2; bronchodilation

Question 36

Common side effects/adverse reactions of albuterol include:

Answer 36

Tremors, nervousness, restlessness, dizziness, tachycardia, palpitations, and cardiac dysrhythmias.

Question 37

Drugs that interact with Albuterol include:

Answer 37

Other adrenergic agonists, TCAs, MAOIs, Beta blockers

Question 38

The antidote given for adrenergic agonist IV extravasation is:

Answer 38

Phentolamine mesylate

Question 39

Clonidine and Methyldopa are examples of:

Answer 39

Central-acting alpha agonists

Question 40

Central-acting alpha agonists stimulate which receptors?

Answer 40

Alpha 2, causing vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure.

Question 41

Adrenergic antagonists that block alpha 1 cause:

Answer 41

Vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, pupil constriction, ejaculation suppression, contraction of muscles in bladder neck

Question 42

Adrenergic antagonists that block beta 1 cause:

Answer 42

Reduced heart contractility and decreased pulse

Question 43

Adrenergic antagonists that block beta 2 cause:

Answer 43

Bronchoconstriction, uterine contraction, lower blood glucose

Question 44

Metoprolol and Atenolol are examples of:

Answer 44

Selective beta blockers (adrenergic antagonists)

Question 45

Metoprolol and Atenolol block which receptor?

Answer 45

Beta 1

Question 46

Drug that interact with beta blockers include?

Answer 46

NSAIDs, other anticholinergics, insulin, sulfonylureas

Question 47

Reserpine is an example of:

Answer 47

Adrenergic neuron antagonist

Question 48

A side effect of reserpine is:

Answer 48

Severe mental depression

Question 49

What herb can interact with reserpine?

Answer 49

St. John's Wort