Antibacterials

Question 1

Inhibits bacterial growth

Answer 1

Bacteriostatic

Question 2

Bacteria killing

Answer 2

Bactericidal

Question 3

A disease-producing microorganism

Answer 3

Pathogen

Question 4

Substances that inhibit bacterial growth or kill bacteria and other microorganisms

Answer 4

Antimicrobials

Question 5

Resistance caused by prior exposure to an antibacterial

Answer 5

Acquired resistance

Question 6

Microscopic organisms that include viruses, fungi, protozoa, and rickettsiae

Answer 6

Microorganisms

Question 7

Antibody proteins such as IgG and IgM

Answer 7

Immunoglobulins

Question 8

Bacterial resistance that results naturally

Answer 8

Inherent resistance

Question 9

Crystals in the urine

Answer 9

Crystalluria

Question 10

Infections acquired while patients are in the hospital

Answer 10

Health-care acquired infection (nosocomial infection)

Question 11

Antibiotics that are effective against one type of organism

Answer 11

Narrow-spectrum antibiotics

Question 12

A new infection in a patient with preexisting infection

Answer 12

Superinfection

Question 13

Kidney toxicity

Answer 13

Nephrotoxicity

Question 14

Ear poisoning that results from exposure to drugs or chemicals that damage the inner ear or the vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 14

Ototoxicity

Question 15

A skin reaction caused by exposure to sunlight

Answer 15

Photosensitivity

Question 16

Amount of antibacterial drug needed to stop growth of a microorganism

Answer 16

Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC)

Question 17

Factors that influence the body’s ability to fight infection include:

Answer 17

Age, nutrition, antibodies, circulation, WBCs, and organ function.

Question 18

What type of test should be ordered before antibiotics are administered?

Answer 18

Culture & Sensitivity

Question 19

List contributions to antibiotic resistance.

Answer 19

Taking antibiotics for viral infections. Taking antibiotics incorrectly (skipping doses).

Question 20

Resistance that can occur between antibacterial drugs that have similar actions.

Answer 20

Cross resistance

Question 21

True or False: Broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs can be used to treat infections before culture and sensitivity results are received.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Penicillin works by:

Answer 22

Inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis

Question 23

Penicillin G and Penicillin VK are examples of what?

Answer 23

Basic penicillins

Question 24

Amoxicillin and ampicillin are examples of what?

Answer 24

Broad-spectrum penicillins

Question 25

True or False: Broad-spectrum penicillins are resistant to penicillinase.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

Dicloxacillin, nafcillin, and oxacillin are examples of:

Answer 26

Penicillinase-resistant penicillins

Question 27

Piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn) is an example of:

Answer 27

Extended-spectrum penicillin

Question 28

Clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam are examples of:

Answer 28

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

Question 29

True or False: Beta-lactamase inhibitors can be used alone or in combination with other drugs to treat bacterial infections.

Answer 29

False, always given with another drug

Question 30

Clavulanic acid and amoxicillin make:

Answer 30

Augmentin

Question 31

Side effects/adverse reactions to Penicillins include:

Answer 31

Hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis, superinfection, tongue discoloration, stomatitis, GI distress, C. diff.

Question 32

True or False: Like penicillin, cephalosporins have a beta-lactam structure.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

True or False: Each generation of Cephalosporins are effective against a broader spectrum of bacteria and have an increased ability to cross the BBB.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What should you do if you have a patient that has a cephalosporin ordered who has had a mild allergic reaction to penicillin in the past?

Answer 34

Administer under close supervision.

Question 35

Side effects/adverse reactions of cephalosporins include:

Answer 35

Anaphylaxis, superinfection, headache, dysgeusia, GI distress, C. diff, increased bleeding, seizures, nephrotoxicity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and elevated hepatic enzymes.

Question 36

True or False: It is ok for patients to drink alcohol while taking a cephalosporin.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

Azithromycin, erythromycin, and clarithromycin are examples of:

Answer 37

Macrolides

Question 38

Macrolides work by:

Answer 38

Inhibiting protein synthesis

Question 39

Which macrolide is the drug of choice when someone can't take penicillin?

Answer 39

Erythromycin

Question 40

What can result from taking a macrolide with tylenol?

Answer 40

Hepatotoxicity

Question 41

Macrolides can increase the levels of which drugs?

Answer 41

Warfarin, theophylline, and carbamazepine.

Question 42

Linezolid (Zyvox) and tidezolid are examples of:

Answer 42

Oxazolidinones Use: MRSA, VREF, sepsis Effects: Anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia

Question 43

Clindamycin and lincomycin are examples of:

Answer 43

Lincosamides Effects: pancytopenia, xerosis, glossitis

Question 44

Vancomycin is an example of:

Answer 44

Glycopeptide

Question 45

What reaction can occur when vanco is infused too rapidly?

Answer 45

Red man syndrome

Question 46

Telithromycin is an example of:

Answer 46

Ketolide

Question 47

Doxycycline and Minocycline are examples of:

Answer 47

Tetracyclines

Question 48

True or False: Tetracycline is commonly used in small children.

Answer 48

False, it can cause permanent discoloration of developing teeth.

Question 49

Drug-food interactions of Tetracyclines include:

Answer 49

Milk, antacids, oral contraceptives, penicillin, aminoglycosides.

Question 50

Tigecycline is an example of:

Answer 50

Glycylcycline Effects: photosensitivity, hyperglycemia, and hypokalemia

Question 51

Gentamicin and neomycin are examples of:

Answer 51

Aminoglycosides Effects: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity

Question 52

The peak and trough levels for gentamicin are

Answer 52

Peak = 5-8 mcg/mL Trough = <1-2 mcg/mL

Question 53

Serious adverse reactions to aminoglycosides include:

Answer 53

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

Question 54

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) and levofloxacin (Levaquin) are examples of:

Answer 54

Fluoroquinolones Used: anthrax, infections of the skin, tissues, joints, bones, resp tract Effects: nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, tendinitis, tendon rupture, exacerbation of myasthenia gravis, and peripheral neuropathy

Question 55

True or False: Fluoroquinolones decrease the effect of oral diabetic medication.

Answer 55

False, they increase the effects

Question 56

Daptomycin is an example of:

Answer 56

Lipopeptide Effects: chest pain, hyper/hypotension, hyper/hypokalemia, hyper/hypoglycemia, and rhabdomyolysis

Question 57

Trimethroprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) is an example of:

Answer 57

Sulfonamide Effects: Crystalluria, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia

Question 58

Sulfonamides work by:

Answer 58

Inhibiting bacterial synthesis of folic acid

Question 59

What can occur while taking sulfonamides that necessitates drinking a lot of water?

Answer 59

Crystalluria

Question 60

Metronidazole (flagyl) and tinidazole (tindamax) are examples of:

Answer 60

Nitroimidazoles Effects: disulfiram-like reactions, peripheral neuropathy, seizures, and tongue/tooth discoloration Drug interactions: milk thistle

Question 61

Nitroimidazoles (Metronidazole(Flagyl) & Tinidazole(Tindamax) are often used to treat:

Answer 61

H. pylori and c. diff