Adrenergic Drugs 2 & 3

Question 1

direct-acting drugs

Answer 1

act on adrenergic receptors

Question 2

indirect-acting drugs

Answer 2

increase the availability of NE or Epi to stimulate adrenergic receptors (do not act on receptors themselves)

Question 3

indirect-acting drugs increase availability of NE or Epi by _

Answer 3

releasing NE from nerve terminal, blocking reuptake of NE back into neuron, and inhibiting metabolic degradation

Question 4

mixed-acting drugs

Answer 4

indirectly release NE and act on receptors

Question 5

alpha-1 receptor agonists

Answer 5

increase peripheral vascular resistance, maintaining or increasing BP

Question 6

alpha-1 receptor agonists treatment

Answer 6

hypotension

Question 7

example of alpha-1 receptor agonist

Answer 7

phenylephrine (direct-acting)

Question 8

phenylephrine

Answer 8

increases BP, nasal decongestant, mydriasis

Question 9

alpha-2 receptor agonists

Answer 9

BP is reduced by activation of alpha-2 receptors in cardio-vasculature control centers of the CNS, suppressing sympathetic outflow

Question 10

alpha-2 receptor agonist treatment

Answer 10

hypertension

Question 11

example of alpha-2 receptor agonist

Answer 11

clonidine

Question 12

clonidine

Answer 12

central sympathetic outflow is decreased and parasympathetic is increased; reduces blood pressure

Question 13

beta-receptor agonist

Answer 13

primarily for treatment of bronchoconstriction in asthma or COPD; isoproterenol or epinephrine

Question 14

epinephrine

Answer 14

can bind alpha and beta receptors so not used as much as a beta-receptor agonist

Question 15

isoproterenol

Answer 15

contains a methyl group that makes it selective for only beta receptors; not selective for beta-1 or beta-2

Question 16

isoproterenol therapeutic uses

Answer 16

relaxes most smooth muscle when tone is high; prevents and relieves bronchoconstriction

Question 17

side effects of isoproterenol

Answer 17

will cause cardiac side effects because it can bind beta-1 receptors as well as beta-2

Question 18

dobutamine

Answer 18

selective beta-1 agonist; increase cardiac output and stroke volume

Question 19

beta-2 receptor agonists

Answer 19

best option for treating bronchoconstriction

Question 20

albuterol

Answer 20

administered via inhalation, targeting only beta-2 receptors in the lungs

Question 21

beta-3 receptor agonist

Answer 21

mirabegron

Question 22

mirabegron

Answer 22

induces detrusor muscle relaxation for treating overactive bladder

Question 23

indirect-acting sympathomimetics

Answer 23

amphetamine and methylphenidate

Question 24

amphetamine

Answer 24

induces IC catecholamine release, inhibits reuptake, inhibits MAO

Question 25

methylphenidate (Ritalin)

Answer 25

inhibits transport of dopamine and NE out of synapse

Question 26

mixed-acting sympathomimetics

Answer 26

ephedrine

Question 27

ephedrine

Answer 27

binds both alpha and beta receptors

Question 28

mixed-acting agonists response can be reduced by _

Answer 28

treatment with reserpine or guanethidine

Question 29

indirect-acting agonists response can be abolished by _

Answer 29

treatment with reserpine or guanethidine

Question 30

epinephrine therapeutic use

Answer 30

acute asthma, anaphylactic shock, increase duration of action of local anasthetics

Question 31

epinephrine can bind _

Answer 31

alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, or beta-2

Question 32

norepinephrine can bind _

Answer 32

alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1

Question 33

non-selective alpha antagonists

Answer 33

phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine

Question 34

phentolamine

Answer 34

prevents NE from binding receptors and inducing hypertension

Question 35

phentolamine use

Answer 35

treats hypertensive episodes caused by clonidine withdrawal

Question 36

phenoxybenzamine

Answer 36

induces decrease in peripheral resistance and increases cardiac output

Question 37

phenoxybenzamine use

Answer 37

short-term control of hypertension associated with adrenal gland tumor (pheochromocytoma)

Question 38

alpha-1 antagonists

Answer 38

inhibit vasoconstriction induced by endogenous catecholamines; decrease blood pressure

Question 39

alpha-1 antagonist example

Answer 39

prazosin

Question 40

prazosin use

Answer 40

used to decrease peripheral resistance in hypertensive episodes

Question 41

yohimbine

Answer 41

selective alpha-2 antagonist

Question 42

yohimbine action

Answer 42

receptors can not sense how much NE in synaptic cleft so continuously secreting

Question 43

yohimbine causes _

Answer 43

increased HR and BP (dangerous level)

Question 44

beta-antagonists (beta-blockers)

Answer 44

useful for treatment of hypertension, ischemic heart attack, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias

Question 45

1st generation beta-antagonists

Answer 45

propranolol; non-selective

Question 46

propranolol

Answer 46

non-selective with equal affinity for beta-1 and beta-2

Question 47

propranolol effects

Answer 47

when active sympathetic response, can increase cardiac output and peripheral resistance

Question 48

beta-1 antagonists (2nd generation)

Answer 48

metaprolol

Question 49

non-selective beta-antagonists should not be used in patients with _

Answer 49

asthma (bronchospastic disease) or type 1 diabetes

Question 50

metaprolol

Answer 50

treatment of hypertension

Question 51

3rd generation beta-antagonist

Answer 51

labetalol

Question 52

labetalol

Answer 52

competitive antagonist for beta-1, beta-2, and alpha-1; useful for hypertension

Question 53

alpha blockers

Answer 53

reduce peripheral resistance --> relax blood vessels

Question 54

beta blockers

Answer 54

reduce cardiac output