Adult GI and respiratory (Yr 4)

Question 1

how can you age sheep using teeth?

Answer 1

they get a pair of incisors every year

Question 2

what does quidding suggest?

Answer 2

discomfort in mouth (dropping on food/cud)

Question 3

what are some issues seen around the mouth/pharynx?

Answer 3

broken mouth
overshot/undershot jaw
fractures, tumours, cysts
infections - Fusobacterium necrophorum, Actinobacillus lignerisei, Caeous lymphadenitis, Actinomyces bovis

Question 4

what does Fusobacterium necrophorum cause in relation to the upper alimentary canal?

Answer 4

necrotic stomatitis

Question 5

what does Actinobacillus lignerisei cause?

Answer 5

wooden tongue and facial abscesses

Question 6

what does Actinomyces bovis cause?

Answer 6

lumpy jaw (this is rare)

Question 7

what is a common cause of pharyngeal trauma?

Answer 7

dosing gun injuries

Question 8

what are the iceberg diseases?

Answer 8

johnes
maedi visna
ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
border disease

Question 9

what is the causative agent of johnes disease?

Answer 9

Mycobacterium avian paratuberculosis (MAP)

Question 10

how is johnes spread?

Answer 10

faeces, colostrum, milk, in utero

Question 11

what is the key risk period of johnes infection?

Answer 11

young <4 months old

Question 12

where does MAP (johnes) replicate?

Answer 12

GI lymph nodes and gut (very slowly)

Question 13

what is often a clinical sign of johnes due to the protein losing enteropathy?

Answer 13

bottle jaw

Question 14

how can johnes be diagnosed?

Answer 14

post mortem
antibody ELISA
PCR faecal testing
faecal culture

Question 15

why is johnes difficult to test for?

Answer 15

intermittent shedding

Question 16

what is the gold standard for diagnosing johnes disease?

Answer 16

post mortem

Question 17

what are the post mortem findings of johnes?

Answer 17

enlarged distal mesenteric lymph node (histopathology)
corrugated appearance of intestines

Question 18

how would you carry out a flock screening test for johnes?

Answer 18

select older thinner ewes for faecal antigen PCR (+/- culture)
monitor on post mortem of thin cull ewes

Question 19

how can johnes be controlled?

Answer 19

vaccination
lamb older/thinner ewes separately
hygiene/biosecurity
test and cull stratagies

Question 20

what is the effect of the johnes vaccine?

Answer 20

doesn’t prevent infection but reduces clinical cases and bacterial excretion

Question 21

what is the johnes vaccine called?

Answer 21

gudair

Question 22

when is the protocol for johnes vaccination?

Answer 22

lambs 4-16 weeks old are vaccinated (have to do this every year)

Question 23

what is redgut?

Answer 23

torsion of intestines caused by sudden introduction to lush pasture (often found dead)

Question 24

what can cause bloat?

Answer 24

grain acidosis
oesophageal obstruction
frothy from legumes

Question 25

what causes OPA?

Answer 25

Jaagsiekte retrovirus

Question 26

how is OPA spread?

Answer 26

lung fluids and aerosols milk/colostrum

Question 27

how can OPA be definitively diagnosed?

Answer 27

post mortem

Question 28

what causes maedi visna?

Answer 28

lenti-virus

Question 29

what are the two forms of maedi visna?

Answer 29

maedi - respiratory/mastitis visna - neurological

Question 30

how does maedi visna spread?

Answer 30

milk/colostrum and lung discharges

Question 31

what pathology is associated with maedi visna?

Answer 31

chronic inflammatory lesions with possible secondary infection (Mannheimia haemolytica)

Question 32

what iceberg disease has an accreditation scheme?

Answer 32

maedi visna

Question 33

what causes chronic suppurative pneumonia in sheep?

Answer 33

Trueperella pyogenes (can be a mixed infection)

Question 34

what are the clinical signs of chronic suppurative pneumonia?

Answer 34

chronic weight loss increased respiratory effort, cough, nasal discharge, pyrexia

Question 35

what is texel throat also known as?

Answer 35

laryngeal chondritis

Question 36

what is the pathology associated with laryngeal chondritis?

Answer 36

swollen narrow larynx with nodules and abscesses

Question 37

how can laryngeal chondritis be treated?

Answer 37

corticosteroids penicillin (7-10 days) (don't breed from affect rams)

Question 38

what is pink eye also known as?

Answer 38

ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis

Question 39

how is ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis (pink eye) treated?

Answer 39

isolate effected sheep (spread at feed trough) systemic oxytetracycline or macrolide topical eye ointment

Question 40

what is a macrolide that could be used for ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis?

Answer 40

tulathromycin

Question 41

what is anterior uveitis also known as?

Answer 41

silage eye

Question 42

what are the clinical signs of silage eye?

Answer 42

blepharospasm cloudy cornea swollen eye/iris

Question 43

how is silage eye (anterior uveitis) treated?

Answer 43

subconjunctival oxytetracycline and dexamethasone systemic penicillin