Adulthood Flashcards
(35 cards)
What are the factors that can speed up aging?
Adverse environment
Lifestyle
Chronic diseases
What happens to our body as we grow old?
(imagine papa) reduced muscle mass decrease in body water decline of bone minerals slow increase in fatty tissue redistribution of fats to torso
Define sarcopenia
Age-related decline in muscle mass
Associated with health adverse outcomes such as fall, disability, hospital admission, poorer quality of life
What are the causes of sarcopenia?
increased inflammation
decreased level of hormones
physical inactivity
malnutrition (particularly protein deficiency)
Why is it necessary to maintain lean body mass?
Metabolic rate (recycle) Support function (reduce) Reduce risk of chronic disease (reduce)
What can help to improve lean body mass?
Protein supplements and exercise
Osteoporosis is the decline in body mass. T or F
False. Osteoporosis is the decline in bone minerals
What are risk factors of osteoporosis?
Family history low peak bone mass low calcium intake vitamin D deficiency excessive alcohol intake low physical activity smoking advancing age thin skeletal frame
What is the name of the organization that gives recommendations for osteoporosis prevention?
American Geriatrics Society (AGS)
What supplements would you recommend an elderly person to take?
Vitamin D, calcium
Sodium, Vit K, Vit C
Physical acitivity
Why is Vit C important for elderly?
synthesis of collagen to help them maintain a helathy skin
What happens to their cardiovascular system?
Decrease in ability of heart and lungs
- > affects kidney and brain function
- > may limit physical activity (cannot run)
What happens to their urinary system?
Decreased efficiency of kidney
- > reduced ability to concentrate urine
- > impaired vit-D status cuz kidney produces the active-form of vit D (GI, bone, Urine)
What happens to their nervous system?
Diminished nervous function
- > loss of memory
- > decrease in neuromuscular coordination
- > decreased taste, smell
What happens to their immune system?
it declines and more infections
What happens to their endocrine system?
decreased production of hormones
decreased sensitivity to insulin (higher blood glucose level)
decreased thyroid hormone function (lower metabolic rate)
decline in growth hormone (loss of muscle, increase in adipose tissue)
Increase in insulin leads to a higher blood glucose level. T or F
False. Let blood vessels be roads, house be the cell and insulin be the key to the house. Without insulin, glucose in blood vessels cannot enter the cells. Hence, decrease in insulin leads to a higher blood glucose level
Provide lifestyle strategies to an elderly.
Cardiovascular: maintain healthy body weight, regular exercise, avoid smoking, eat foods that support cardiovascular health
Urinary: Maintain normal blood pressure, drink adequate liquid
Nervous: Omega-3 fatty acids, engage in lifelong learning, getting sufficient sleep
Immune: Maintain healthy body weight, exercise regularly and avoid prolonged emotional stress
What happens to their reproductive system?
Females: Menopause
reduction in iron requirements, reduction in estrogen secretions -> heart diseaase and osteoporosis
Males: decrease in testosterone levels -> decrease in lean body mass
What are their macronutrient needs?
Fats: lower intake of trans and sat fats
Protein: Increase intake for muscles and bones
Carbohydrates: Fiber-rich
Energy: Less energy
Water: increase because the kidney function is deteriorating which means more water loss
What are their micronutrient needs?
Folate and B12
Calcium and Vit D
Iron and Zinc
Why do elderly need folate and B12?
to maintain normal homocysteine levels and because vit B12 deficiency is very common
Why do elderly need Calcium and vit D?
inadequate intake, reduced absorption, reduced production of vit D in skin, reduced kidney function and they lack lactase which is a calcium absorption enhancer
Why do elderly need Iron and Zinc?
Iron- digestive tract injuries and they have age-related decline in stomach acid production
Zinc- poor dietary intake and reduced absorption
-taste sensation loss
