Intervention

Question 1

What constitutes the health belief model?

Answer 1

Perceived susceptibility 
Perceived severity
Perceived benefits
Perceived barriers
Cues to action
Self-efficacy

Question 2

Perceived susceptibility

Answer 2

Beliefs about the chances of getting a condition

Question 3

Perceived severity

Answer 3

Beliefs about the seriousness of a condition and it’s consequences

Question 4

Perceived benefits

Answer 4

Beliefs about the benefits of taking action to reduce risk of seriousness

Question 5

Perceived barriers

Answer 5

Beliefs about the material and psychological costs of taking action

Question 6

Cues to action

Answer 6

Factors that activate “readiness to change”

Question 7

Self-efficacy

Answer 7

Confidence in one’s ability to take action

Question 8

What’s are the states of change?

Answer 8

Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation 
Action
Maintenance

Question 9

Pre-contemplation stage

Answer 9

Has no intention of taking action for the next six months

Question 10

Contemplation stage

Answer 10

Intention to take action in the next six months

Question 11

Preparation stage

Answer 11

Intends to take action in the next 30 days and has taken some behavioral steps in this direction

Question 12

Action stage

Answer 12

Has changed behavior for less than 6 months

Question 13

Maintenance stage

Answer 13

Has changed behavior for more than 6mths

Question 14

Define a theory and what it can do

Answer 14

Presents a systematic way of understanding situations

Set of concepts, definition and proposition

which can predict these events by illustrating relationships between the variables

Question 15

What was the point of Kramish study in 1994?

Answer 15

Aim: improve dietary behaviours using tailored messages
Participants: persons visiting family practice clinics

Surveyed participants at the clinics for their dietary intake and stage they are at
Mailed participants newsletter within 3 weeks
Resurveyed participants after 4 months

Question 16

What were the findings in kramish study?

Answer 16

Total Fat intake fell by 23% for tailored group, 9% for non-tailored and 3% for control.

No differences in fruit and vegetable intake

Question 17

Briefly describe Diabetes Prevention Program

Answer 17

Aim: reduce and maintain a 7% weight loss + 150 minutes exercise

One-on-one counseling
16 lessons in the first 24 weeks
2 optional exercises per week
4-6 week group course

Disadvantage: costly
Limited continuing success if not accompanied by a supportive environment

Question 18

What constitutes the social cognitive theory?

Answer 18

Reciprocal determinism
Behavioural capability
Expectations
Self-efficacy
Observational learning (modeling)
Reinforcement 

REORBS

Question 19

Reciprocal determinid

Answer 19

The dynamic interaction of the person, behavior and the environment where the behavior is performed

Question 20

Behavioural capability

Answer 20

Knowledge and skill to perform a given behavior

Question 21

Expectation

Answer 21

Anticipated outcomes of a behaviour

Question 22

Self-efficacy

Answer 22

Confidence in one’s ability to take action and overcome barriers

Question 23

Modeling

Answer 23

Behavioural acquisition when observing the actions and outcomes of others’ behaviour

Question 24

Reinforcement

Answer 24

Responses to a person’s behaviour that increase or decrease the likelihood of reoccurrence

Question 25

Device a health intervention at a inter-personal level

Answer 25

Use of peers. Peer mentors are those people who have successfully faced a particular challenge. They are typically people of the same age, gender and ethnicity. They are also trained to provide intervention, act as role-models and provide social support,

Question 26

What kind of interventions could be done at the institutional level?

Answer 26

Changes in policies changes in availability changes in built environment These changes are done to support behaviour change

Question 27

What is the name of the case-study on community level and what is it about?

Answer 27

Shape-up somerville. Used community based participatory research method (CBPR) where researchers involve community members in all aspects of research (design, implement).

Question 28

What is the aim of community based participatory research / shape-up somerville?

Answer 28

influence every part of a eleentary schoolchild's day

Question 29

What were the major takeaways of the shape-up Somerville programme?

Answer 29

flexibility is important

Question 30

what were the barriers for participation?

Answer 30

lack of time concern about profits concern about waste concern about consumer acceptance

Question 31

Give examples of publicity incentives

Answer 31

Articles and coupons in SUS newsletters A series that spotlighted the mayor of somerville eating at approveed restaurants catering opportunities at events, meetings and trainings A guide that listed partcipating restaurant

Question 32

Provide examples of nutrition policies

Answer 32

Agricultural and trade policies - trans-fat legislation, fortification and supplementation Pricing policies- subsidies and taxation Nutrition education policies- dietary guidelines, nutrient labelling Avertising policies

Question 33

What are the rationale for use of pricing strategies?

Answer 33

Price can determine food purchase behaviour revenues generatred from taxes can be used to subsidize- cost of healthy food and drinks, costs related to improving built environment or providing community health programs imperfect knowledge of adverse health consequences, people prefer short term gratification over LT effects

Question 34

Define Price elasticity demand

Answer 34

measure of sensitivity to price | used to estimate the effects of altering the price of food on the amount that is purchased

Question 35

PED=0

Answer 35

perfectly inelastic- qty dmd doesnt change with price

Question 36

0

Answer 36

inelastic | change in qty demanded less than change in price

Question 37

PE=1

Answer 37

unit elastic | change in qty demanded is equal to change in price

Question 38

PED>1

Answer 38

elastic | change in qty demanded more than change in price

Question 39

What are some factors that can affect Price elasticities?

Answer 39

Availability of close substitutes Cost associated of switching between products- higher cost =inelastic Necessity vs luxury - necessity more inelastic Habitual consumption of food - inelastic Proportion of income allocated to spending - high proportion means more elastic CHAIN

Question 40

Define Own-PEs

Answer 40

changes in demand of an item due to changes in its own price

Question 41

Define Cross-PEs

Answer 41

change in demand of an item in response to price changes in another related food