Advanced Pharmacodynamics In Aesthetics Flashcards
(14 cards)
How does botulinum toxin achieve muscle paralysis?
By cleaving SNAP-25, a protein required for acetylcholine vesicle fusion, thereby inhibiting neurotransmitter release.
What is the pharmacodynamic risk of improper filler placement?
Compression or occlusion of blood vessels leading to ischemia or necrosis due to mechanical obstruction.
How does hyaluronidase work in reversing filler complications?
It enzymatically breaks down hyaluronic acid by cleaving glycosidic bonds, reducing filler volume.
What is Local Anaesthetic Systemic Toxicity (LAST)?
Toxicity from systemic absorption of anaesthetics causing CNS excitation, seizures, or cardiovascular collapse via sodium channel blockade.
What causes botulinum toxin resistance?
Development of neutralizing antibodies due to repeated high-dose exposure, reducing efficacy.
Why is injection depth critical for botulinum toxin efficacy?
Accurate placement at motor endplates is required; superficial injection may miss target muscle and reduce effect.
How can drug interactions affect local anaesthetic use in aesthetics?
Drugs like beta-blockers or antiarrhythmics may potentiate lidocaine toxicity due to overlapping sodium channel effects.
What safety step is critical before administering botulinum toxin?
A full face-to-face consultation and medical history review to assess contraindications such as neuromuscular disorders.
Why is informed consent especially important in aesthetic prescribing?
Because treatments are elective and carry cosmetic and medical risks, clear communication of potential complications is essential.
What are signs of a vascular occlusion following filler injection?
Immediate blanching, severe pain, dusky discoloration, and cool skin—these require urgent reversal.
How can prescribers reduce the risk of adverse events with botulinum toxin?
Use appropriate dilution, correct injection technique, patient-specific dosing, and avoid over-treatment.
What clinical governance principle applies to aesthetic prescribing?
Accountability for prescribing decisions, documentation, patient education, and practicing within competence and regulation.
What is the role of patch testing in topical aesthetic products?
To detect hypersensitivity reactions before full application, especially with agents like lidocaine or hyaluronidase.
What documentation should accompany every aesthetic treatment?
Full treatment record including drug name, batch number, expiry date, injection sites, dose, consent form, and aftercare advice.
