Quiz Flashcards
(10 cards)
Define pharmacodynamics.
The study of how drugs affect the body, including their mechanisms of action and receptor interactions.
Give an example of a beta-agonist and its action.
Salbutamol – activates β2 receptors causing bronchodilation.
Why is naloxone given in opioid overdose?
It is an opioid antagonist that competitively binds to μ-receptors, reversing respiratory depression.
What is the difference between potency and efficacy?
Potency is the amount of drug needed for effect; efficacy is the maximum effect a drug can produce.
Why is the therapeutic index important?
It indicates the safety margin of a drug; narrow index = higher monitoring need.
What does receptor selectivity mean in prescribing?
Choosing drugs that act on specific receptors to minimize side effects.
Explain why beta-blockers should be used cautiously in asthma.
Non-selective beta-blockers block β2 receptors, risking bronchoconstriction.
What is tachyphylaxis and give an example?
Rapid loss of drug effect after repeated doses; e.g., nitrates.
Describe the mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers.
Block calcium entry into smooth muscle, causing vasodilation and lowering BP.
Why do NSAIDs pose a risk in patients with CKD?
They reduce renal prostaglandins, decreasing renal perfusion and risking AKI.
