ADVERSE EFFECT

Question 1

increase in temperature of 1C or more that is
associated with transfusion and cannot be
explained by any other condition

Answer 1

fnhtr

Question 2

usually in multiple pregnancies or previous
transfusion

Answer 2

Febrile NonHemolytic Transfusion Reaction

Question 3

Tx: antipyretics, analgesics, leukocyte
reduced red cells

Answer 3

FNHTR

Question 4

chills or rigors without fever
diagnosed as

Answer 4

FHTR

Question 5

Uncommon in platelet transfusions

Answer 5

fnhtr

Question 6

most common reactions seen with platelet
and plasma transfusions,

Answer 6

Allergic and Anaphylactic Reactions

Question 7

recipient antibody (IgE) to donor plasma
proteins

Answer 7

Allergic and Anaphylactic Reactions

Question 8

mediated by histamine release from mast
cells

Answer 8

Allergic and Anaphylactic Reactions

Question 9

when does s/s of allergic rxn appear

Answer 9

during or within 2 hours after the
end of transfusio

Question 10

reaction between patient’s potent
class specific anti-IgA or anti-haptoglobin

Answer 10

ANAPHYLACTIC

Question 11

accelerated destruction of transfused RBCs
due to antibody-mediated incompatibility

Answer 11

Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions

Question 12

AHTRs and IgM antibodies are associated
with intravascular hemolysis through the

Answer 12

C′ activation pathway,

Question 13

what immunoglobulin INTRAVASCULAR HTR ()

Answer 13

IgM

Question 14

what immunoglobulin in EXTRAVASCULAR htr

Answer 14

igg

Question 15

Implicated BGS in HTR

Answer 15

: Kell, Kidd, Duffy

Question 16

WHEN DOES HTR OCCUR

Answer 16

DURING OR WITHIN 24HRS

Question 17

thus
the first steps in treating AHTRs

Answer 17

Early and aggressive fluid resuscitation
and blood pressure management

Question 18

re the main causes of
renal dysfunction after hemolysis

Answer 18

shock and disseminated intravascular
coagulation (DIC) a

Question 19

The donors of platelet units implicated in
HTRs are almost always g

Answer 19

roup O and the
recipients group A

Question 20

donor plasma containing leukoagglutinin
directed against recipient leukocytes

Answer 20

Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)

Question 21

HLA system specific

Answer 21

Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)

Question 22

donor is usually multiparous

Answer 22

Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)

Question 23

Ag-Ab rxn gets trapped in pulmonary
circulation - pulmonary edema (can be pyogenic
or pyotic may pus) - complement activation - sequestration and degranulation of
PMNs

Answer 23

Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)

Question 24

“white-out” appearance of acute pulmonary
edema

Answer 24

Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)

Question 25

HOW TO TREAT TRALI

Answer 25

diuretics

Question 26

WHEN DOES TRALI HAPPEN

Answer 26

Happens during or within 6 hours after transfusion

Question 27

most frequent infection associated with transfusion.

Answer 27

Bacterial contamination

Question 28

may progress to renal failure or DIC

Answer 28

Bacterial contamination

Question 29

common agents of bacterial contamination in blood transfusion

Answer 29

Y. enterocolitica, S. epidermidis, S. aureus, B. subtilis, p. Profaciens, L. monocytogenes

Question 30

physical/chemical transfusion)

Answer 30

Non-immune Hemolysis of RBCs

Question 31

second most common cause of transfusion related deaths

Answer 31

TA – Circulatory Overload

Question 32

major contributor to development is the underlying cardiac capacity and fluid status

Answer 32

TA – Circulatory Overload

Question 33

can lead to CHF (coronary heart failure) and pulmonary edema

Answer 33

TA – Circulatory Overload

Question 34

how to treat TACO

Answer 34

Tx: diuretics

Question 35

Acute respiratory distress from pulmonary edema caused by increased intravascular volume

Answer 35

TA – Circulatory Overload

Question 36

WHEN DOES TACO SYMPTOMS SHOW

Answer 36

generally occur within 2 to 6 hours

Question 37

measurement of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, such as NT-proBNP, may be helpful in the diagnosis, of what

Answer 37

taco

Question 38

how much bp is dropped in hypotensive reactions

Answer 38

10mmHg drop

Question 39

absence of fever, chills, dyspnea, urticaria, or flushing

Answer 39

Hypotensive

Question 40

happens due to release of bradykinin through activation of the contact pathway of coagulation

Answer 40

Hypotensive Reactions

Question 41

Tx: stop blood transfusion, maintain IV, trendelenburg position position)

Answer 41

hypotensive

Question 42

anamnestic response; mild (14 days)

Answer 42

Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (IgG) - - -

Question 43

positive DAT 24 hours to 28 days after transfusion with either a positive eluate or a newly identified alloantibody in the plasma or serum and evidence of hemolysis.

Answer 43

Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (IgG) - - -

Question 44

implicated BGS in HTR

Answer 44

implicated BGS: Kidd, Duffy, Kell, MNS system (S and s)

Question 45

TA – Graft Versus Host Disease

Answer 45

immunocompromised patient transfused with immunocompetent lymphocytes

Question 46

the most common symptoms are rash, fever, increased liver enzymes, pancytopenia, and diarrhea

Answer 46

TA – Graft Versus Host Disease

Question 47

TAGVHD

Answer 47

clinical syndrome developing from 2 days to 6 weeks after transfusion

Question 48

(maculopapular rash that starts in trunks and spreads to limbs

Answer 48

tagvhd

Question 49

Death occurs in about 90% of patients with a median of 24 days after the implicated transfusion

Answer 49

TAGVHD

Question 50

HPA antigens

Answer 50

POST-TRANSFUSION PURPURA.

Question 51

severe and sudden drop in the platelet count,

Answer 51

POST-TRANSFUSION PURPURA.

Question 52

WHEN DOES POST-TRANSFUSION PURPURA. OCCUR

Answer 52

5 to 10 days after transfusion d

Question 53

alloimmunization to platelet-specific antibodies transfusion or pregnancy

Answer 53

POST-TRANSFUSION PURPURA

Question 54

purpura, bleeding from mucous membranes , GI bleeding, and hematuria.

Answer 54

POST-TRANSFUSION PURPURA.

Question 55

TX OF POST-TRANSFUSION PURPURA.

Answer 55

IVIF and plasma exchange

Question 56

The chief metabolic effects of transfusion involve c

Answer 56

itrate toxicity and hyperkalemia

Question 57

citrate treatment

Answer 57

Tx: calcium alginate or any iodine fluid with calcium to bind to citrate

Question 58

can cause hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia. As well as metabolic acidosis

Answer 58

Citrate toxicity

Question 59

During RBC storage, intracellular potassium slowly leaks from aging RBCs causing increased potassium in the supernatant

Answer 59

HYPERKALEMIA

Question 60

signs and symptoms of increased potassium are due to neuromuscular and cardiac effects

Answer 60

HYPERKALEMIA

Question 61

HYPERKALEMIA can be prevented in large volume RBC transfusions to infants by issuing

Answer 61

“fresh” RBC units/washed RBCS