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Pharmacology Exam 3 > Adverse Effects/Toxicities > Flashcards

Adverse Effects/Toxicities Flashcards

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1
Q

1st gen H1 antagonists

A

↓Cognitive psychomotor performance, ↑sedation, ↑appetite, dry mouth, urinary retention, sinus tachy

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2
Q

Toxicity of 1st gen H1 antagonists

A

Respiratory depression

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3
Q

Toxicity of Diphenhydramine

A

euphoria

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4
Q

Synthetic corticosteroids SE

A

Increased suceptibility to infection (reactivation of latent TB)
Growth suppression in children
Osteoporosis

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5
Q

Synthetic corticosteroids toxcitiy

A

Abrupt withdrawal: acute adrenal insufficiency (fever, myalgias, malaise)
High doses for long time: Cushings

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6
Q

Methylprednisone

A

skin thinning, bone resportion and growth retardation

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7
Q

Fluticasone

A

Oropharyngeal candidiasis and dysphonia-prevent with gargle and spit

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8
Q

Fluticasone toxicity

A

High dose ICS/systemic can cause skin thinning, bone resportion and growth retardation

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9
Q

Albuterol (SABA)

A

muscle tremor, tachycardia, hypokalemia (uncommon)

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10
Q

Salmeterol (LABA)

A

muscle tremor, tachycardia, hypokalemia (uncommon)

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11
Q

Ipratropropium Bromide

A

Few systemic SE bc poorly absorbed

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12
Q

Tiotropium

A

Few systemic SE bc poorly absorbed

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13
Q

Theophylline

A

Cardiovascular effects, CNS stimulation, GI effects (like caffeine)

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14
Q

Montelukast

A

Hepatic dysfunction

Neuropsych events

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15
Q

Omalizumab

A

Few SE

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16
Q

What asthma medications do you have to monitor plasma levels for?

A

Omalizumab and Theophylline

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17
Q

Phentolamine

A

postural hypotension, BAD reflex tachy, nasal stuffiness, sexual dysfunction

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18
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

postural hypotension, worse reflex tachy, nasal stuffiness, sexual dysfunction

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19
Q

Prazosin

A

postural hypotension, reflex tachy, nasal stuffiness, sexual dysfunction

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20
Q

Pindolol

A

bronchoconstriction
↓hypoglycemia recovery
↑plasma concentrations of TG

↓CO, heart block, bradycardia
Depression, lethargy

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21
Q

Acebutolol

A

bronchoconstriction
↓hypoglycemia recovery
↑plasma concentrations of TG

↓CO, heart block, bradycardia
Depression, lethargy

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22
Q

Propanolol

A

bronchoconstriction
↓hypoglycemia recovery
↑plasma concentrations of TG

↓CO, heart block, bradycardia
Depression, lethargy

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23
Q

Timolol

A

bronchoconstriction
↓hypoglycemia recovery
↑plasma concentrations of TG

↓CO, heart block, bradycardia
Depression, lethargy

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24
Q

Atenolol

A

bronchoconstriction
↓hypoglycemia recovery
↑plasma concentrations of TG

↓CO, heart block, bradycardia
Depression, lethargy

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25
Esmolol
bronchoconstriction ↓hypoglycemia recovery ↑plasma concentrations of TG ↓CO, heart block, bradycardia Depression, lethargy
26
Labetalol
bronchoconstriction
27
Carvedilol
bronchoconstriction
28
Clonidine
Must withdrawal gradually because of HTN crisis with rapid wirhdrawal
29
α-methyldopa
Produces ⊕coombs test because auto Ab against Rh Ag
30
α2 agonist
dry mouth | sedating
31
Atrovastatin
``` Hepatic toxicity Myopathy/myalgia ↑DM risk Cognitive effects MANY drug interactions ```
32
Pravastatin
``` Hepatic toxicity Myopathy/myalgia ↑DM risk Renal impairment NO P450 drug interactions ```
33
Ezetimibe
Well tolerated
34
Cholestyramine
Well tolerated aside from GI adverse effects Can bind to other drugs so ↓efficacy of other drugs
35
Niacin (vit B3)
Cutaneous flushing (vasodilation so use Aspirin to counteract) Hepatotoxicity GI discomfort (bc high doses) Can effect statin levels
36
Gemfibrozil
myopathy (↑risk if taken w/ statin) GI discomfort Gallstones
37
Evolocumab
nasopharyngitis
38
Nitroglycerin
Dizziness, weakness, HA
39
Verapamil
cardiac depression, cardiac arrest, bradycardia, constipation, AV block & CHF
40
Diltazem
cardiac depression, cardiac arrest, bradycardia, constipation, AV block & CHF
41
Nifedipine
Risk of ↑HR and contractility ↑Risk MI cardiac depression, cardiac arrest, bradycardia, constipation, AV block & CHF
42
Nimodipine
Risk of ↑HR and contractility ↑Risk MI cardiac depression, cardiac arrest, bradycardia, constipation, AV block & CHF
43
Propanolol
Erectile dysfunction, depression and insomnia
44
Hydrochlorothiazide
sexual impotence, ↑ loss of K→ risk of arrhythmias and fibrillation ↑urination
45
Captopril
severe dry cough (due to build up of bradykinin) ↓GFR and possibly renal failure in pts w/ bilateral RAS Cardioedema
46
Losartan
↓GFR and possibly renal failure in pts w/ bilateral RAS
47
Hydralazine
↑HR, contractility, plasma renin, fluid retention
48
Minoxidil
↑HR, contractility, plasma renin, fluid retention
49
Sodium Nitroprusside
↑HR, contractility, plasma renin, fluid retention
50
Prazosin
Precipitous ↓ BP on dirst dose | ↑Na and water retnetion
51
Guanethidine
Postural HTN Sexual dysfunction (retrograde ejaculation) Diarrhea
52
Reserpine
Sedation Inability to concentrate Depression
53
Methyldopa
``` immunological abnotmalities Dizziness Reduced Libido Sedation Depression Sudden discontinuation →withdrawal syndrome (BP above what started) ```
54
Clonidine
``` Dizziness Reduced Libido Sedation Depression Sudden discontinuation →withdrawal syndrome (BP above what started) ```
55
What drugs produce long QT and out at risk for torsades de pointes?
Quinidine Procinamide Amiodarone Sotalol
56
Flecainide
Ataxia
57
Quinidine
Long QT syndrome →Torsades de Pointes | Lupus like syndrome
58
Procainamide
Long QT syndrome →Torsades de Pointes | Lupus like syndrome
59
Disopyramide
Long QT syndrome →Torsades de Pointes | Lupus like syndrome
60
Amiodarone
Long QT Torsades de pointes Pulm fibrosis in 1% pts(can be fatal) BITCH (Bradycardia, blue man, intersisital lung disease, corneal/cutaneou skin, hepatic, hypotension)
61
Sotalol
Long QT | Torsades de Pointes
62
Dronedarone
Long QT | Torsades de Pointes
63
Digoxin
Severe bradycardia
64
Acetazolamide
Well tolerated Kidney stones Hyperchloremia Academia
65
Mannitol
Acute phase: hyponatremia (draw in fluid) Later: hypernatremia (lose more water than salt) & hyperkalemia
66
Furosemide
Mess up your ions Hypokalemia (arrhythmias) Hypotension (elderly prone to falling) Ototoxicity Hyperuricemia (↑risk gout)
67
Ethacrynic Acid
Mess up your ions Hypokalemia (arrhythmias) Hypotension (elderly prone to falling) Ototoxicity Hyperuricemia (↑risk gout)
68
Hydrochlorothiazide
Hypokalemia (add ACEI to help stabilize) Hypotension Hypovolemia Hyperglycemia & hyperlipidemia ↑uric acid in blood
69
Amiloride
Hyperkalemia
70
Spironolactone
Hyperkalemia Gynecomastia
71
Eplerenone
Hyperkalemia ↓ risk of gyneocomastia than spirolactone
72
Tolvaptan
Hypernatremia
73
ACE-I
Cough due to bradykinins angioedema hyperkalemia More renal impairment, hyperkalemia and cough than ARNI
74
AT II RBs (ARBs)
angioedema NO COUGH &less SE than ACE-I
75
Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI)
Cough due to bradykinins More hypotension More angioedema than ACEI Less renal impariment, hyperkalemia & cough than ACEI
76
Carvedilol
Bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm
77
Ivabradine
A fib Bradyarrhythmia Bright flashes in eyes (transient)
78
Isosorbide
Hypotension | HA
79
Dinitrate/hydralazine
↓ BP → can cause angina Edema Palpitations tachycardia
80
digoxin
automaticity ↑arrhythmia risk Too much → hyperkalemia (sign of toxicity)

Pharmacology Exam 3 (6 decks)

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