Aerodynamics & Flight Controls

Question 1

What axis is pitch

Answer 1

Lateral - wing tip to wing tip

Question 2

What axis is roll

Answer 2

Longitudinal - nose to tail

Question 3

What axis is yaw

Answer 3

Vertical - through the centre of gravity

Question 4

control surface for yaw

Answer 4

Rudder

Question 5

Control surface for roll

Answer 5

Aileron

Question 6

Control surface for pitch

Answer 6

Elevator

Question 7

Where and what are roll spoilers / speed brakes added for

Answer 7

Larger commercial aircraft & Increase efficiency of the flying surface

Question 8

What happens if the right aileron is deflected upward

Answer 8

Decreased lift on right aileron , increase lift on left aileron

Aircraft rolls right

Question 9

Are high speed ailerons inboard or outboard

Answer 9

Inboard

Question 10

What’s bigger inner or outboard ailerons

Answer 10

Outboard

Question 11

What can be used to help execute accurate turns

Answer 11

Roll spoilers

Question 12

Where are elevators located

Answer 12

Trailing edge of horizontal stabiliser

Question 13

What creates a nose down motion

Answer 13

Elevators deflected down

Question 14

What pilot action can cause the aircraft nose to pitch up

Answer 14

Control column pulled rearwards

Question 15

What is a stabilator a combination of

Answer 15

Elevator and horizontal stabiliser

Question 16

Where are stabilators found

Answer 16

Light general aviation aircraft

High speed military combat aircraft

Question 17

What’s another name for a variable incidence stabiliser

Answer 17

Trimmable Horizontal stabiliser ( THS )

Question 18

What is a trimable horizontal stabiliser used for

Answer 18

Pitch trimming due to its limited range of movement

Question 19

How does a variable incidence stabiliser reduce drag

Answer 19

It reduces the requirement for elevator deflection

Question 20

Primary role of canard

Answer 20

Provide pitch control

Question 21

How does the aircraft deflect the rudder left and what happens

Answer 21

Deflected left by pilot pushing left rudder pedal & aircraft is defected left

Question 22

Why do we need a rudder limiter

Answer 22

To stop excessive use of the rudder at high speeds as it can cause structural failure on vertical stabiliser

Question 23

What aircraft does adverse yaw happen in and how can you reduce it

Answer 23

Light aircraft & reduced by frise ailerons or differential ailerons

Question 24

What’s an elevon

Answer 24

Combination of aileron and elevator

Question 25

What type of aircraft uses a elevon

Answer 25

Delta wing aircraft

Question 26

What is a ruddervator

Answer 26

Combination of rudder and elevator

Question 27

What type of aircraft uses a ruddervator

Answer 27

V - tailed aircraft

Question 28

How is an aileron controlled in the cockpit

Answer 28

Yoke or side to side of control colomn

Question 29

What happens if pilot moves stick to the right

Answer 29

Right aileron up and left down

Question 30

What happens to the ailerons in a left turn

Answer 30

Left aileron up and right down

Question 31

How do spoilers supplement aileron control

Answer 31

Reduces lift on wing

Question 32

How do elevators move

Answer 32

Up and down same time

Question 33

What does pushing the pilot stick foward do to the elevator

Answer 33

Nose down attitude

Question 34

What does pulling the pilot stick rearward do to the elevator

Answer 34

Nose up attitude

Question 35

What attitude does a deflected up elevator give

Answer 35

Nose up

Question 36

What attitude does a deflected down aileron give

Answer 36

Nose down

Question 37

What is a stabilitator a combination of

Answer 37

Elevator and horizontal stabaliser

Question 38

What type of aircraft is a stabilitor most common on

Answer 38

High speed

Question 39

What is a variable incidence stabiliser also known as and what is it used for

Answer 39

Trimmable horizontal stabiliser Used for pitch trimming

Question 40

Where is a canard

Answer 40

Horizontal surface ahead of wings at the front

Question 41

How can we overcome adverse yaw

Answer 41

Aileron rudder interconnect system

Question 42

How is Dutch roll compensated

Answer 42

Sensed and corrected by yaw dampening system

Question 43

What is the purpose of high lift devices

Answer 43

Increase lift produced by wing

Question 44

Does a slot create lift

Answer 44

No , re-energise boundary layer to delay flow separation or prevent stall

Question 45

Where are slots located

Answer 45

Outboard leading edge

Question 46

What is a slot

Answer 46

Fixed convergent duct or gap

Question 47

Where are slats located

Answer 47

Leading edge

Question 48

Where are flaps located

Answer 48

Trailing edge on wings

Question 49

What does a flap do

Answer 49

Increase lift at low speed used during take off and landing

Question 50

How does deploying the flaps help the pilot

Answer 50

Causes a nose down attitude which aids the pilots view

Question 51

Plain flap lift increase

Answer 51

50-55%

Question 52

Split lift increase

Answer 52

60-65%

Question 53

Slotted flap lift increase

Answer 53

65-70%

Question 54

Fowler flap lift increase

Answer 54

95%

Question 55

What flap gives the lowest drag possible

Answer 55

Slotted fowler

Question 56

Decide where is leading edge located

Answer 56

Mounted of front part of wing

Question 57

What is a flapperon

Answer 57

Combination of flap and aileron

Question 58

What happens if a flapperon deflects collectively

Answer 58

Acts as a flap

Question 59

What happens if a flapperon deflects deferentially

Answer 59

Acts as a aileron

Question 60

What does a mixer do

Answer 60

Combines separate inputs into a single set of control surfaces

Question 61

What does a spoiler do

Answer 61

Dump lift produced and increase drag

Question 62

What is a flight spoiler used as

Answer 62

In flight speed brake

Question 63

What’s a ground spoiler used for

Answer 63

Maximise wheel brake efficiency

Question 64

What’s the advantage of a roll spoiler

Answer 64

Aircraft can roll without a twisting force

Question 65

What type of aircraft are air brakes used on

Answer 65

High performer military and commercial aircraft

Question 66

When are air brakes used

Answer 66

High performer military and commercial aircraft

Question 67

What areas are speed brakes positioned in

Answer 67

Areas where structure can withstand heavy air loads

Question 68

How does speed brakes help with decent

Answer 68

Controls it without an increase in speed

Question 69

How many directions is span wise flow

Answer 69

2 , right angle to leading and follows leading edge

Question 70

What happens if the centre of pressure is forward of the centre of gravity

Answer 70

Nose up pitch movement

Question 71

What’s the purpose of a wing fence

Answer 71

Reduce the effects of spanwise flow and reduce wing tip stall on swept wing aircraft

Question 72

Where is a wing fence placed

Answer 72

Leading edge where it will limit boundary layer outflow

Question 73

What’s a saw tooth leading edge and what does it reduce

Answer 73

Extension of leading edge or zig zag cut out It reduces wing tip stall on swept wings

Question 74

What is a vortex generator

Answer 74

Device to reenergise boundary layer

Question 75

How are vortex generators placed

Answer 75

Vertically on a surface of a large wing and it opposing pairs so the vortex’s mix

Question 76

What is a stall wedge/strip and what is it made of

Answer 76

Leading edge device that encourages root to stall first Made of alluminaum with triangular cross section

Question 77

What is trimming

Answer 77

Adjusting aerodynamic forces on control surfaces so aircraft remains at set attitude with no control input

Question 78

When can fixed trim tab be adjusted

Answer 78

Only on ground

Question 79

What tab is not deflected in the opposite direction to the control surface

Answer 79

Anti balance

Question 80

Disadvantage of balance tab

Answer 80

Reduces efficient of control surface

Question 81

Disadvantage of anti balance tab

Answer 81

More effort is needed to deflect