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Aesthetics and Politics Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Aesthetics

A

branch of philosophy that studies what is art and what isn’t and what is beautiful and what isn’t

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2
Q

Objectivism

A

believes that the beauty of a work of art is an intrinsic and objective property found in the object we are contemplating

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3
Q

Subjectivism

A

believes that the criterion to distinguish beauty from ugliness is found in the people who value art

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4
Q

Symbolism

A

believes that the value of an artistic work lies in its power to suggest various interpretations of reality

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5
Q

Canon

A
  • Greek word for “rule” or “model” used as a standard for precise perfection, so therefore it represents beauty
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6
Q

A work of art

A

human creation that has been elaborated for the purpose of creating beauty

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7
Q

How do we achieve the aesthetic experience?

A

We must be able to be moved by beauty

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8
Q

Utopia

A

the description of a non-existent world in which society is organized in a model and ideal way

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9
Q

Eu

A

Greek word meaning “good”

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10
Q

Aristotle Philosophy Type

A

realist, helimorphist and empiricist

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11
Q

Monarchy

A

power is exercised by a single individual

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12
Q

Aristocracy

A

government depends on a group of people

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13
Q

Democracy

A

power resides in the majority of the people

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14
Q

Tyranny

A

corruption of monarchy government
when the monarch is interested in their individual benefit and not the good of the people

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15
Q

Oligarchy

A

corruption of Aristocracy
when the government benefits only its group interests

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16
Q

Demagogy

A

corruption of democracy
when the majorities abuse their power and do not respect the minorities

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17
Q

Plato’s political thought type

A

normative

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18
Q

Corruption

A

governments that only are interested in the benefiting themselves/the people ruling them

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19
Q

Dystopia

A

a hypothetical society which political design has taken away people’s freedom and dignity

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20
Q

Totalitarian Regime

A

a political system in which the State exercises unlimited power over all areas of life, without respect for the freedom of individuals

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21
Q

Anarchism

A

a political theory that rejects the existence of the state, criticizing how the state oppresses individuals

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22
Q

Legitimate Political Power

A

when those who must obey it recognize that it is validly exercised

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23
Q

Society according to Sophists (2)

A
  • society is a human creation, invented to facilitate our life in common
  • society has an artificial origin, because it is the result of an agreement
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24
Q

Hylomorphism (Aristotle)

A

hile = soul, matter
morfe = form, shape

people are different from each other based on their soul

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25
Natural
Necessary
26
Greek Ethics and Politics (2)
- considers ethics and politics to be closely linked. - ethics analyzes the conditions of individual happiness, politics studies how society should be organized to ensure a good life for all
27
Principle of Equality (2)
- all people should enjoy rights and the greatest possible freedom - the only thing that can limit our rights and freedoms is respect for the rights and freedoms of others
28
Principle of Difference
Social differences are only fair when they produce a benefit for all individuals, including the most disadvantaged
29
Original Position
Rawl's idea of a group of people coming together to form a society focused on primary social goods (basic + economic and social advantages)
30
Veil of Ignorance
In order for Rawl's utopia to exist, each person would have a "veil of ignorance", making them unaware of what categories they fell under that could bias them
31
State of Nature
a state of freedom, due to a lack of societies and governments
32
John Locke philosophy type
Empiricist and contractualist
33
Social Contract
the relationship between people and their government
34
Thomas Hobbes philosophy type
Empiricist, absolutist and contactualist political philosopher
35
Contractualism
the idea that society originated by agreement
36
Liberalism (2)
- a political idea based on the freedom of individuals - believed that state power must have limits and be based on consent
37
Rousseau Philosophy Type
Rationalist and contactualist political philosopher
38
Absolutism
a style of government in which the state has all the power and exercises sovereignty personally
39
Subjects
the people over who a government exercises its power
40
Fascism
an aggressive nationalist movement that aspires to organize society in a hierarchical manner, including complete obedience to the leader's orders
41
Communism
a political theory that aspires to liberate human beings from capitalist exploitation, which it believes causes social injustices and inequalities
42
Fourth-Generation Rights
rights are those associated with new technologies, such as the right to access the Internet or the right to have control over our data in the digital world
43
General Will
Rousseau's idea that humans should give up their individual desires and work towards what is best for the society as a whole
44
Formalism (2)
the value of a work of art lies in its form the fundamental element of a work of art is its structure and composition
45
Expressionism
the value of a work of art is from its ability to evoke emotions in the viewer
46
Plato opinion of Art
art was unimportant, as he only cared about the real
47
Mimesis
imitation of reality
48
Aristotle Technique of Art
teaching the skill of how to produce a work of art
49
Pythagoras on Music
a reflection of the mathematical harmony that sustains the cosmic order
50
Moral de Señores/Morality of the Lords (5)
- Nietzsche’s theory of the ideal man of the future who gives himself values/morality - far superior to all other human beings psychologically - independent individual - anti religious, makes his own rules
51
Schopenhauer Philosophy Type
Realist and pessimist philosopher
52
Romanticism
18th century aesthetic
53
Kant Philosophy Type
Transcendental idealist
54
Aesthetics, art and science had a ........
formalist revolution
55
Beauty for Kant (5)
- formalist, the form most important - beauty is demonstrated by being universal - discussed in his book Critique of Judgment - a work of art is based solely on its beauty - beauty is objective
56
Replacement of Theocentrism
European culture abandoned medieval theocentrism to pay greater attention to the human being (anthropocentrism)
57
Art Critic
a specialist who is dedicated to informing the public by comparing and evaluating the works created by artists
58
Art Market
Grew in the 19th century from increased interest, taste and appreciation for art
59
Sublime
A frightening and awe-inspiring manifestation of natural forces that was valued by Romantic artists as a new form of beauty
60
Aesthetic Judgments
Kant's word for statements in which we express our evaluation of a work of art
61
Aura
what makes an artwork attractive and makes it move us
62
Apollonian Art
Nietzsche's idea of art that is light, clear, rational and well organized
63
Dionysian Art
Nietzsche's idea of art that is irrational, chaotic and dark
64
Plato philosophy type
Rationalist and Realist
65
Plato philosophy type
Rationalist and Realist
66
John Rawls philosophy type
deontological

Philosophy (14 decks)

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