Philosophy Definitions

Question 1

Logic

Answer 1

logic deals with the validity and form of reasoning (not its content)

Question 2

Metaphysics

Answer 2

branch of philosophy that asks questions about reality

Question 3

Arje

Answer 3

presocratics word from which all things come

Question 4

Monists

Answer 4

philosophers who claim reality is unique

Question 5

Pluralists

Answer 5

philosophers who claim that reality is multiple

Question 6

Static vs Dynamic Metaphysics

Answer 6

Static: reality is in the immutable background
Dynamic: change is an essential part of reality

Question 7

Materialists

Answer 7

philosophers who affirm that deep down, everything that is material

Question 8

Cosmological Argument

Answer 8

based on the idea of efficient causation

Question 9

Teleological Argument

Answer 9

based on the finalist version of the universe, meaning everything that exists has a purpose

Question 10

Determinism

Answer 10

philosophical current that believes everything we do is predetermined and inevitable

the feeling of freedom comes from ignorance

Question 11

Problem of Universals

Answer 11

tries to clarify whether the terms thats serve as a reference to describe what various individuals have in common actually exist

Question 12

Proposition

Answer 12

the content of the sentence that affirms or denies something

Question 13

Reasoning

Answer 13

a series of propositions linked together

Question 14

Propositional Logic

Answer 14

branch of logic that studies ways of combining or altering statements or propositions to form more complicated statements or propositions

Question 15

Negation

Answer 15

used to deny a proposition

Question 16

Conjunction

Answer 16

used to join two propositions with “and”

Question 17

Disjunction

Answer 17

used to join two propositions with “or”

Question 18

Implication

Answer 18

used to represent a condition with “if….then”

Question 19

Co-implication

Answer 19

used in implications to add more information “if and only if….then”

Question 20

Well-formed Formulas

Answer 20

expressions that are correctly constructed

Question 21

Truth Table

Answer 21

a procedure used to determine the truth value of a logical formula based on the propositions that compose it

Question 22

Tauntology

Answer 22

a proposition that is always true

Question 23

Contradiction

Answer 23

a proposition that is always false

Question 24

Indeterminacy

Answer 24

a proposition that can be true or false depending on the case