Affective Disorders Flashcards
(47 cards)
define mood disorders
disorders of mental status and function where altered mood is the (or a) core feature
give two broad examples of mood disorders
depression
mania
what are the commonest group of mental disorders?
mood disorders
how can a mood disorder present?
primary problem
consequence of another disorder or illness
what are mood disorders often associated with?
anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorder
where people have both depression and anxiety, the focus is on the treatment of what?
depression
name and describe two classification systems for psychiatric conditions
ICD-10
o International Classification of Disease 10th Edition
o WHO
• DSM-5
o Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition
o American Psychiatric Association
describe depression as a symptom
o An emotion within the range of normal experience
§ Describe a state or feeling, or mood that can range from normal experience
to severe, life threatening illness
§ A systemic symptom (complaint) with similarities to fatigue and pain
§ Typically considered as a form of sadness, not just an absence of happiness
describe depression as a syndrome
a constellation of symptoms and signs
describe depression as a recurrent illness
o Recurrent depressive disorder
o If they have it once they are likely to have a further episode
o If severe enough to require inpatient treatment, approximately 80% will have a
further episode
in psychiatry how may you decide when sadness becomes abnormal?
- Persistence of symptoms
- Pervasiveness of symptoms
- Degree of impairment
- Presence of specific symptoms or signs
depressive illness symptoms occur in 3 spheres, name them
psychological
physical
social
name two broad psychological symptoms of depression
change in mood
change in though content
describe change in mood in depression
o Depression – may find diurnal variation
o Anxiety – inability to relax
o Perplexity – particularly in puerperal illness (post-natal), bewildered or overwhelmed
o Anhedonia – not being able to experience pleasure in the things you would usually
enjoy
describe change in thought content in depression
o Guilt – unjustified
o Hopelessness
o Worthlessness
o Any neurotic symptomatology e.g. hypochondriasis, agoraphobia, obsessions +
compulsions, panic attacks
o Ideas of reference – connecting things around you to negative things about you e.g.
laughing at
o Delusions and hallucinations if severe – psychotic symptoms
name two broad physical symptoms of depression
change in bodily function
change in psychomotor functioning
what changes in bodily function may a person suffering from depression experience?
o Energy – fatigue o Sleep – often insomnia, not being able to get to sleep, disturbed sleep, early waking o Appetite – weight loss o Libido o Constipation o Pain
what changes in psychomotor function may a person suffering from depression experience?
agitation
retardation
list the social symptoms of depression
- Loss of interests
- Irritability
- Apathy
- Withdrawal, loss of confidence, indecisive
- Loss of concentration, registration and memory
Describe the ICD-10 classification of depression
• Last for at least 2 weeks
• No hypomanic or manic episodes in lifetime
• Not attributable to psychoactive substance use or organic mental disorder
• If psychotic symptoms or stupor then severe depression with psychotic symptoms
o Need to exclude other psychotic illnesses first like schizophrenia
Describe the ICD-10 classification of somatic syndrome
Somatic syndrome is a marked loss of interest or pleasure in activities that are normally pleasurable. There is a lack emotional reactions to events or activities that normally produce an emotional
response. Patients often wake 2 hours before the normal time and find that the depression is worse in the morning. Objective evidence of psychomotor agitation or retardation. Marked loss of appetite with weight loss (5% + of body weight in a month). Often marked loss of libido.
Describe the ICD-10 classification of mild depression
• General criteria
• At least 2 of:
o Depressed mood that is abnormal for most of the day almost every day for the past
two weeks, largely uninfluenced by circumstances
o Loss of interest or pleasure
o Decreased energy or increased fatigability
• Additional from this list to give at least 4
o Loss of confidence or self esteem
o Unreasonable feelings of guilt or self-reproach or excessive guilt
o Recurrent thoughts of death by suicide or any suicidal behaviour
o Decreased concentration
o Agitation or retardation
o Sleep disturbance of any sort
o Change in appetite
Describe the ICD-10 classification of moderate depression
• General criteria
• At least 2 of:
o Depressed mood that is abnormal for most of the day almost every day for the past
two weeks, largely uninfluenced by circumstances
o Loss of interest or pleasure
o Decreased energy or increased fatigability
• Additional from this list to give at least 6
o Loss of confidence or self esteem
o Unreasonable feelings of guilt or self-reproach or excessive guilt
o Recurrent thoughts of death by suicide or any suicidal behaviour
o Decreased concentration
o Agitation or retardation
o Sleep disturbance of any sort
o Change in appetite
Describe the ICD-10 classification of severe depression
• General criteria
• All of:
o Depressed mood that is abnormal for most of the day almost every day for the past
two weeks, largely uninfluenced by circumstances
o Loss of interest or pleasure
o Decreased energy or increased fatigability
• Additional from this list to give at least 8
o Loss of confidence or self esteem
o Unreasonable feelings of guilt or self-reproach or excessive guilt
o Recurrent thoughts of death by suicide or any suicidal behaviour
o Decreased concentration
o Agitation or retardation
o Sleep disturbance of any sort
o Change in appetite
