Pectineus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus Obturator externus Gracillis

``` • Obturator internus & externus • Piriformis • Gluteus maximus • Gemelli • Quadratus femoris ```

Weaker of the two Poor blood supply Limits posterior rolling of femoral condyles on the tibia Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of knee

Stronger of the two Limits anterior rolling of the femur on the tibia Prevents hyperflexion of the knee

Anatomy of the Hip and Knee Flashcards by Laura I

what increases the depth of the acetabulum?

fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum and the transverse acetabular ligament

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what part of the head of the femur is not covered in articular cartilage and why?

fovea

ligament of the head of the femur

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name the 3 ligmaments in the hip capsule

iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

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describe the iliofemoral ligament

y shaped

prevents hyperextension

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describe the pubofemoral ligament

prevents overabduction

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describe the ischiofemoral ligament

from the ischial part of the acetabular rim to the neck of the femur

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flexors of the hip

• Iliopsoas (Chief flexor of the
hip joint
Others Flexors:
• Sartorius
• Tensor fasciae latae
• Rectus femoris
• Pectineus
• Adductor longus, brevis and
magnus (anterior part)
• Gracillis

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hip extensors

• Gluteus maximus
• Hamstrings : 1)Semitendinosus,
2) Semimembranosus
3) Biceps femoris – Long head
• Adductor magnus- posterior part

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hip adductors

Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Obturator externus
Gracillis

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hip abductors and medial rotators

• Gluteus medius
• Gluteus minimus
• Tensor fasciae
latae

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hip lateral rotators

• Obturator internus &amp;
externus
• Piriformis
• Gluteus maximus
• Gemelli
• Quadratus femoris

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blood and nerve supple of the hip joint

• Medial and lateral
circumflex arteries –
Branches of profunda
femoris artery
• Artery to head of femur –
branch of the obturator
artery
• Nerve supply: Femoral,
obturator and superior
gluteal nerve

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name the 5 capsular ligaments of the knee

Patellar ligament
Fibular or lateral collateral
ligament (FCL)
Tibial or medial collateral
ligament (TCL)
Oblique popliteal ligament
-Expansion of
semimembranosus tendon
Arcuate popliteal ligament

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how many bursae surround the knee? how many communicate with the joint cavity?

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name the 4 communicating bursae of the knee

1) Suprapatellar bursa
2) Popliteal bursa
3) Anserine bursa
4) Gastrocnemius bursa

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describe the medial collateral ligament of the knee

Extends from the medial epicondyle of the femur to medial condyle and medial surface of the tibia
Deep fibres of the MCL are firmly attached to the medial meniscus

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describe the lateral collateral ligament of the knee

Extends from lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula

* Tendon of popliteus passes deep to the LCL

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what are the intra-articular structures within the knee?

cruciate ligaments

menisci

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describe the ACL

Weaker of the two
Poor blood supply
Limits posterior rolling of femoral condyles on the tibia
Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of knee

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describe the PCL

Stronger of the two
Limits anterior rolling of the femur on the tibia
Prevents hyperflexion of the knee

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what are the functions of the fibrocartilage menisci?

deepen the surface
shock absorption
proprioception
stability

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describe the medical mensicus

C – shaped, broader posteriorly, and adheres to the deep surface of MCL

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describe the lateral mensicus

Smaller and more freely movable than medial meniscus. Tendon of the popliteus separates it from the PCL

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how does the knee lock and unlock?

• Locking (medial rotation of femur on the tibia) and unlocking (lateral rotation
of femur on the tibia) of knee
• Popliteus muscle unlocks the knee (initial flexion)

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knee flexors

1) Hamstrings 2) Sartorius 3) Gracillis 4) Gastrocnemius 5) Popliteus

knee extensors

quadriceps femoris

what stabilises the hip?

``` • Static – Bony morphology • Congruence • Anteversion of ball and socket – Labrum – -ve intra-articular pressure • Dynamic – Musculature(never truly NWB-ing) ```

origin, insertion, innervation: iliopsoas

illiac blade/l-spine lesser trochaneter L1 ventral ramus/fem n

origin, insertion, innervation: rectus femoris

AISS/supra-acetabular tubercle patella femoral

origin, insertion, innervation: sartorius

ASIS pes anserinus femoral

origin, insertion, innervation: pectineus

pectineal line of pubis pectineal line of femur femoral

origin, insertion, innervation: glut max

illium, dorsal sacrum ITB, glut tuberosity inf glut

origin, insertion, innervation: semitinosus

ischial tuberosity pes anserinus sciatic

origin, insertion, innervation: semimembranosus

ischial tuberosity pes anserinus sciatic

origin, insertion, innervation: biceps femoris

ischial tuberosity fibula/lateral tibia sciatic

origin, insertion, innervation: glut med

illium GT sup glut

origin, insertion, innervation: glut min

ilium GT sup glut

origin, insertion, innervation: tensor fascia latae

iliac crest Gerdy's tubercle/ITB sup glut

origin, insertion, innervation: adductor lognus

pubis linea aspera obturator

origin, insertion, innervation: adductor brevis

inf pubic ramus pectineal line, linea aspera obturator

origin, insertion, innervation: adductor magnus

pubic ramus, ischial tub adductor tubercle obturator/sciatic

origin, insertion, innervation: gracilis

body and inf pubic ramus pes anserinus obturator

origin, insertion, innervation: piriformis

ant sacrum sup greater troch n to piriformis

origin, insertion, innervation: sup gemellus

ischial spine med GT n to ob int

origin, insertion, innervation: inf gemellus

ischial spine medial GT to ob int

origin, insertion, innervation: obturator internus

obturator membrane med GT n to ob int

origin, insertion, innervation: obturator externus

obturator membrane med GT obturator

origin, insertion, innervation: quadratus femoris

ischia tub intertrochanteric crest n to quad fem

describe shenton's line

formed by medial edge of the femoral neck and inferior edge of sup pubic ramis loss = #NOF

blood supply to femoral head

* Capsule via Medial and Lateral Fem. Circumflex * Intramedullary * Ligamentum Teres via acetabular branch of Obturator Artery

management of intracapsular fracture of femur

``` • Blood supply compromised • Management based on age of patient, and displacement – Undisplaced-Fix – Displaced and Young – Fix – Displaced and Old – Replace (either hemiarthroplasty or THR) ```

origin, insertion, innervation: rectus femoris

ALLS/sup acetabular rim tibial tuberosity femoral

origin, insertion, innervation: vastus medialis

intertroch line/medial linea aspera tib tuberosity femoral

origin, insertion, innervation: vastus lateralis

GT, lat linea aspera tib tub fem

origin, insertion, innervation: vastus intermedialis

prox femoral shaft tib tub fem

origin, insertion, innervation: biceps femoris

ischial tub/linea aspera fibula head/lat tibia sciatic

origin, insertion, innervation: semimembranosus

ischial tuberosity pes anserinus sciatic

origin, insertion, innervation: semitendinosus

ischial tub pes anserinus sciatic

origin, insertion, innervation: gastrocenemius

med and lat femoral condyles os calcis vis achilles S1

describe ACL injuries

``` • Knee buckles during pivot • Unable to play on • Immediate haemarthrosis • Recurrent instability • X-ray – Haemarthrosis – Segond fracture ```

what does the femoral nerve supply? generally

anterior | knee extension

what does the obturator nerve supply? generally

medial | hip adduction

what does the sciatic nerve supply? generally

posterior hip extension, rotation, knee flexion

what does the sup glut nerve supply? generally

posterior | hip abduction, extension

classic hip dislocation

posteriorly short internally rotated

blood supple to head of femur

``` • Ligamentum Teres • Retinacular vessels • The Trochanteric anastomosis • Capsular attachment ```

Anatomy of the Hip and Knee Flashcards

(66 cards)