after Mid 2

Question 1

soil fertility

Answer 1

study of soils ability to supply nutrients needed for plant growth

Question 2

define essential element

Answer 2

deficiency makes it impossible for plant complete life cycel
deficiency specific to element and can be corrected by supply this element
element directly involved in nut of plant (necessary metabolit)

Question 3

essential macros

Answer 3

C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S

Question 4

Essential micros

Answer 4

Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, B, Mo, Cl

Question 5

C, H, O

Answer 5

Organics
photosynthesis
lots biomass in C
90-95% dry wieght

Question 6

N, P, K

Answer 6

Inorganic
commonly deficient, needed in large quants
fertilizer used for deficiency

Question 7

Ca, Mg, S

Answer 7

Ca:cell wall
Mg, S:amino acids
not commonly deficient
moderate amounts needd

Question 8

what micronuts for

Answer 8

needed in small quants
from OM cycling
Nitrofixation

Question 9

Beneficial elements

Answer 9

required by some plant species and their essentiality to plnt growth not confirmed (enhance or yeild pnt health)
Co, Na, Si

Question 10

nutrient available forms

Answer 10

NH4+, No3-, H2PO4-, HPO4(2-), K+, Ca(2+), Mg(2+)

Question 11

limestone

Answer 11

K, Mg

Question 12

reserves of N in soil

Answer 12

SOM
mineralization
bio N fixation N to NH4+
NH4+ fixation in clay, held in CEC

Question 13

S reserves

Answer 13

SOM
Mineraliztion (S2 to SO4)
Sulfide minerals

Question 14

P reserves

Answer 14

H2PO4-,HPO4(2-)
SOM
mineralization to PO4
P minerals
fixation by AL/Fe @ low pH
fixation by Cal @ high pH

Question 15

Ca, K, Mg reserves

Answer 15

weathering of minerals
mice
limestone

Question 16

mass flow vs diffusion

Answer 16

MF: water flow rate times ion conc in soil solution
accum of ions in rhizo
D: depletion of ions in rhizo
slow

Question 17

largest N pool

Answer 17

SOM+ microbial biomass

Question 18

Ammonia volatilization

Answer 18

ammonium to ammonia

increase in pH surface

Question 19

whats most limiting usually

Answer 19

P

Question 20

Similarities of P cycle to N cycle

Answer 20

trans: min and immob

FINISH

Question 21

How is P lost in soil

Answer 21

Gets fixed

Question 22

pH range fo rmost P fixation

Answer 22

6-7
acidic (Fe/Al)
Neutral (clay)
Basic(Ca)

Question 23

Keys about K cycle

Answer 23

No atm form (gas loss)
No bio medeation
from primary minrals
formed by cooling magma

Question 24

Great group

Answer 24

based on strength of soil-forming process

Question 25

Subgroups

Answer 25

based on kind and arrangement of horizons

Question 26

Families

Answer 26

based on PM characteristics

Question 27

Series

Answer 27

Based on detailed features of pedon

Question 28

Main loss of Ca and Mg

Answer 28

Leaching and harvesting

Question 29

serpintine soils

Answer 29

derived on ultramatic and metamorphic rock (rich Fe and Mg, low in Ca) high in Ni and Cr that are toxic for most plants

Question 30

soil degradation types

Answer 30

erosion by water and wind physical chemical

Question 31

physical degradation

Answer 31

compaction, hardseting, laterization

Question 32

Chemical degradation

Answer 32

nutrient depletion, elemental imbalance (acidification, salinization)

Question 33

caused of soil degradation

Answer 33

overgrazing (exposure to rain/wind), deforest, mismanagement

Question 34

soil erosion

Answer 34

detahechment and transportation of soil particles and/or water

Question 35

overgrazing

Answer 35

compaction, reduce OM, remove macro nuts returned through exudes mix aggregaes, collapse macro pores

Question 36

deforestation

Answer 36

tropics: hurt chem cycles | steep slopes

Question 37

mismanagement

Answer 37

not crop rotate | tillage, ploughing up slope not across countours

Question 38

accelerated erosion

Answer 38

occurs when people disturb soil or vegetation by grazing livestock, cut forestsect.

Question 39

three types of erosion

Answer 39

sheet, rill, gully | sheet/rill more

Question 40

traditional soil

Answer 40

biotic, air, h20, inorg, org | factors of soil fomr

Question 41

urban soil

Answer 41

``` p horizon (Ap) man made ```

Question 42

Anthro soil

Answer 42

natural horizon removed | 10>cm

Question 43

Vancouver Technical School Market Garden

Answer 43

1. compaction 2. bad drainage 3. anoxic conditions

Question 44

Tillicum Kiwassa Neighbourhood house

Answer 44

1. poor drain @ depth 2. OM added 3. buried under gravel field

Question 45

25th Ave and dunbar

Answer 45

1. OM added 2. modified h2) regime 3.

Question 46

UBC wesbrook

Answer 46

1. Impervious lyer at surface 2. limited rooting 3. low plant h20 storage

Question 47

vantage collage

Answer 47

1. limited gas exchange 2. limited h20 move 3. surface compacted layer