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Age of Exploration Flashcards

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1
Q

Many European explorers were hoping to find gold and other precious metals. What are precious metals?

A

Metals that are rare and worth a lot of money.

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2
Q

In ancient times some spices were worth their weight in gold.

A

True

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3
Q

Why were spices so much more expensive five hundred years ago?

A

The world wasn’t as connected and spices were hard to transport.

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4
Q

Why can’t peppercorns be grown in Europe?

A

Peppercorns only grow in warm, wet places like India.

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5
Q

Why were very few oldest sons explorers?

A

The oldest son would inherit all of the father’s land and money.

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6
Q

Who becomes the new king when a king dies?

A

oldest son

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7
Q

What is the only way a daughter of a king could become a queen?

A

She could only become queen if she had no brothers.

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8
Q

What does primogeniture mean?

A

first born

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9
Q

What does geniture mean?

A

born

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10
Q

Why did the law of primogeniture make sense 500 years ago?

A

If the land keeps getting split, eventually each child would get less and less land making the family less important in stature.

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11
Q

Why did so many second sons become explorers?

A

They had to seek out other ways of getting fortunes since their oldest brother gets the entire inheritance.

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12
Q

What Italian made a map of the world in 1474 where he drew half of the map as he imagined it to be.

A

Paolo Toscanelli

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13
Q

Christopher Columbus set out to find someone to pay for his voyage. What is a voyage?

A

A trip, usually on the ocean or space.

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14
Q

What country did King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella rule?

A

Spain

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15
Q

Who did Toscanelli send his map to first?

A

The King of Portugal

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16
Q

Where did Europeans get their information about China?

A

Stories about the travels of Marco Polo

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17
Q

What did Columbus actually find instead of Asia?

A

The Caribbean Islands

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18
Q

What did Europeans call the islands they were trying to reach?

A

The Spice Islands

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19
Q

Why did the law of primogeniture make sense 500 years ago?

A

If the land keeps getting split, eventually each child would get less land and the family name would be less important.

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20
Q

Why did so many second sons become explorers?

A

They had to seek out other ways of getting fortunes since all of the inheritance went to the oldest son.

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21
Q

What is a device that uses magnets that points north?

A

compass

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22
Q

Why do compasses always point north?

A

There is a strong magnetic field at the North Pole.

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23
Q

What was one of Toscanelli’s biggest mistakes about the Earth?

A

He thought the Earth was much smaller than it really is.

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24
Q

What does Toscanelli’s map drawn over the real map show us?

A

Why Columbus thought he had reached the Indes.

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25
Who did Christopher Columbus convince to fund his exploration?
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
26
Why did Christopher Columbus think that he had found the Indes?
Tuscanelli's map was wrong.
27
What is the term that describes how only the first born son inherits everything from the parents?
primogeniture
28
What does primo mean?
first
29
Spices had to be imported to Europe from faraway places. What is imported?
brought in
30
Things that are scarce tend to be expensive. What is scarce?
hard to find
31
Which of the following is NOT a precious metal? Gold, silver, platinum, and aluminum
aluminum
32
What is the process where sailors would tie knots in a rope and throw up a board to keep track of how fast they were moving and how far they had gone?
Dead Reckoning
33
What star was useful to explorers in navigating their ships?
North Star/Polaris
34
What is unique about Polaris?
It is the only star that doesn't move its position in the sky.
34
The position of the sun is also helpful to explorers for navigation.
True
34
How would explorers from 500 years ago time the knots during dead Reckoning?
They used an hourglass.
35
What Italian made a map of the world in 1474?
Paolo Toscanelli
35
Why did Christopher Columbus think that he had found the Indies?
Toscanelli's map was wrong.
36
Christopher Columbus set out to find someone to pay for his voyage. What is a voyage?
A trip, usually on the ocean or space.
36
Who did Christopher Columbus convince to fund his exploration?
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
37
What country did King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella rule?
Spain
37
Where did early Europeans get their information about China?
Tales from the Travels of Marco Polo
38
What was one of Toscanelli's biggest mistakes about the Earth?
He thought the Earth was much smaller than it really is
39
What is a device that uses magnets that points north?
compass
40
What is the process where sailors would tie knots in a rope and throw up a board to keep track of how far they had gone?
Dead Reckoning
41
What star was useful to explorers in navigating their ships?
North Star/Polaris
42
What is unique about Polaris?
It is the only star that doesn't move its position in the sky.
43
The position of the sun is also helpful to explorers for navigation.
True. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
44
How would explorers from 500 years ago time the knots during dead Reckoning?
They used an hourglass.
45
Where is El Castillo de San Marcos?
St. Augustine, Florida
46
What were the bastions on forts used for?
it was a gun platform
47
What are the walls of El Castillo de San Marcos made of?
seashells and fossils/ coquina
48
Why was coquina better than rocks for building walls for forts?
It is softer than rock, so it absorbs cannonballs better.
49
What is the mini-fort in front of the El Castillo de San Marcos that was the only entrance?
ravelin
50
What are the bridges that many castles and forts have that could be lifted to keep people from getting in?
drawbridge
51
Who was Francisco Vasquez de Coronado?
A Spanish explorer/conquistador
52
What did Coronado seek in his journey?
Seven Cities of Cibola
53
Where did Coronado explore?
American Southwest
54
In what modern U.S. state was Quivira in?
Kansas
55
What did Coronado call buffalo?
Cows
56
How long is a league?
3 miles
57
What kind of native housing did Coronado find in Quivira?
Grass huts
58
What did Coronado send back to the king?
A piece of copper
59
What did Coronado eat during his journey?
Buffalo
60
What tribe of Native Americans did Coronado meet?
Querechos
61
What did the Querechos people do?
Travel with cows
62
What did Coronado's men use for shelter?
Cowhide tents
63
What is a viceroy?
A leader or ruler of a territory.
64
What was in Coronado's final report to the king?
No gold found
65
Where was John Cabot from?
Italy
66
Although John Cabot's goal was the same as Columbus to find Asia sailing west, how was it different?
He wanted to take a more northerly route.
67
Why did Cabot believe that his best chance of finding Asia was to take a more northerly route?
The route would be shorter.
68
Which king supported Cabot's voyages?
King Henry VII
69
What did Cabot think he found in 1497?
Asia
70
What did John Cabot actually find in 1497?
North America
71
What area did John Cabot find with shallow water and a lot of fish?
Grand Banks
72
What country are the Grand Banks next to?
Canada, The east side on the Atlantic Ocean
73
What is a type of hard biscuit made from flour, water, and sometimes salt, known for its long shelf life that John Cabot's crew ate on their journey.
hardtack
74
What did sailors eat on long voyages?
Hardtack
75
What disease did sailors often get in the past?
Scurvy
75
Which mission did Cabot and his men never return from?
His 3rd Mission
76
What did Cabot claim for England?
North America
77
What was a common job for young sailors?
Page
78
On land, a page worked for a knight, at sea they worked for a _____________.
captain
79
What is a sea route through Canada that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans?
Northwest Passage
80
How many times did Henry Hudson try to find the Northwest Passage?
4
81
In 1607, Henry Hudson thought he could sail right over the North Pole. What didn't he understand about the North Pole?
It was always covered by ice.
82
What made Henry Hudson turn his boat around on his 2nd mission in 1608?
There were icebergs in the way.
83
What did Hudson's crew do when they realized they weren't sailing home on his 2nd voyage?
They refused to work unless they sailed back to England.
84
Who was Hudson working for on his 3rd expedition in 1609?
Dutch East India Company
85
What country did Hudson claim land for?
Holland/Netherlands. This country goes by both names, and the people and things from this country are called Dutch.
86
The native people also gave the sailors bread made of maize. What is maize?
an early kind of corn
87
What was named for Henry Hudson in New York State?
Hudson River
88
What ship did Hudson sail on during his final voyage in 1610?
Discovery
89
What was the wide expanse of water in the northern part of Canada named for Henry Hudson?
Hudson Bay
90
What happened to Hudson, his son, and a few crew members when his crew rebelled on his last mission?
They left them on a boat without oars and abandon them. They were never seen again.
91
What job did man of the Frenchmen who came to North America in the 1600s and 1700s have?
fur traders
92
What kind of furs were the Frenchmen particularly interested in?
beaver pelts
93
The Frenchmen brought European goods so that they could trade for furs.
True
94
Why were beaver pelts so popular in Europe?
They made warm and waterproof hats.
95
What is this hat made of?
beaver felt
96
Why did Europeans have to come to North America to get Beaver Pelts?
They had over-hunted beavers in Europe and they were almost extinct.
97
What Frenchman took the lead in the fur trade?
Samuel de Champlain
98
What is a written document where everyone agrees to follow the rules?
treaty
99
What were the small stores where people would trade goods called?
trading posts
100
What tribes did the French make treaties with so they could trade with them and not fight with them? (choose 2).
Algonquin and Huron
101
What word means to trade things without using money? (swapping one item for another).
barter
102
Many of the things that the native people wanted from the Europeans were made of _____________.
metal

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