aggression Flashcards
(21 cards)
aggression
behaviour where there is intent to harm and is outside the rules of the game
hostile agression
intent to harm and outside the rules of the game and is usually to trigger an emotional response
instrumental agression
intent to harm to achieve a goal (intimidate or deliberately hurt them) and is usually taught
3 types of aggression
. hostie
. channelled
. instrumental
assertion aggression
when physical force is used it is within the rules and is a necessary part of the competition
causes of aggression
. contact
. over arousal
. environment
. stress
. intimidation
. personality traits
. frustration
. unfair decisions
instinct/trait theory
. aggression is innate
. builds up and has to be released
. sport viewed as acceptable venue for release - known as catharsis
frustration-aggression theory
. performer blocked from achieving their goals
. block causes frustration
. frustration leads to aggression
. release of aggression is catharsis
aggressive cue hypothesis
. frustration builds - many reasons, not just blocked from our goals, e.g underperforming
. aggression released when cue is present
. generates the idea that aggression can be learned from others
social learning theory
. aggression is learnt by observing and copying others
. reinforcement causes behaviour to be repeated, e.g a crowd cheering a fight leads to more aggression
. observe -> identify -> reinforce ->copy
catharsis
release of emotion
solutions a coach can use to stop aggression
. punish aggression
. code of conduct
. remove player from situation
. peer support
. give responsibility
. SMT
. substitutions
solutions governing bodies can use to stop aggression
. ban/fine teams or payers
. reduce media sensationalism
. promote positive role models
. use experienced officials
. update rules
. counselling
. sanctions
solutions umpires can use to stop aggression
. talk to players to calm them down
. be consistent with decisions
. have appropriately qualified umpires
. use correct procedures for offences
solutions players can use to stop aggression
. learn to recognise when they become angry and adopt techniques to control this - SMT
. learn to walk away from scenarios which will trigger the aggression
. players can remind each other not to get top would up about situations
negatives of instinct theory
. aggression can be taught
. aggression can be copied from others
. not all aggressive behaviours calm a player down
. aggression is often not spontaneous
negatives of frustration aggression theory
. not all aggression is caused by frustration
. the release of aggression doesn’t always lead to catharsis
. not all frustration is due to blocked goals
. doesn’t explain reactive aggression or situational factors or personal differences
positive of aggressive cue hypothesis
more realistic as aggression is learned and only occurs when certain environmental cues are present
negative pf aggressive cue hypothesis
we still make a choice to be aggressive or not
positive of SLT
some people are more aggressive without seeing others behave aggressively
negative of SLT
many aggressive acts are copied from significant others
