Aggression & Intergroup Comflict

Question 1

Who’s theory is the Death drive?

Answer 1

Freud

Question 2

Who’s theory was Natural selection?

Answer 2

Darwin

Question 3

What was zoologist Lorenz famous for?

Answer 3

Combing death drive and natural selection theories to define aggression as an adaptive behaviour.

Question 4

What reasons are given for aggression as an adaptive behaviour?

Answer 4

Competition for mating, territory and resources in order to for the fittest to survive, evolving the species.

Question 5

Aggression-frustration hypothesis

Answer 5

Dollard et al (1939)

All aggression can be traced back to some instance of frustration.

Question 6

Criticism of Aggression-frustration hypothesis

Answer 6

Miller (1941)

Aggression may always stem from frustration BUT frustration does does always lead to aggression.

Question 7

Aversive situation hypothesis

Answer 7

Berkowitz (1981)

Hand in cold water.
……………………………
Berkowitz (89/’90/’93)

Any aversive situation causes aggression (frustration as an aversive situation).

Question 8

Temperature affects aggression.

Answer 8

Anderson (1989)

Aggression peaks at 89degreesF and decreases after this point.

Question 9

Priming and automatic aggressive behaviour.

Answer 9

Berkowitz & LePage (1967)

80 male students primed with either violent or non-violent VG’s. VVG’s spark automatic aggressive behaviour. (Administering electric shock tests).

Question 10

Zillman & Bryant (1974)

Answer 10

Automatic response good for animals, while humans more complex and must consider inhibition of action.
.

Question 11

Zillman (1983/1996)

Answer 11

Excitation responses are non specific this state of arousal may outlast experience.
Heightened states of arousal misattributed and cause increased potential for aggression.
Cognitive appraisal of heightened arousal.
1. Arousal
2. Lingering arousal
3. Subsequent event
4. Misattribution
5. Opportunity for aggression

Question 12

Bushman & Anderson (2002)

Answer 12

General model of aggression.

Includes personal and situational factors.

Video game priming, asked to create scenario, is aggression used?

Person/situation
Present internal state 
Appraisal/ decision making 
Thoughtful/impulsive action 
Social encounter

Question 13

Carnagy, Anderson & Bushman (2007)

Answer 13

Exposure to violent video games = desensitisation.

Shown by decreased physiological responses such as heart rate/ GSR.

Question 14

Criticism of general aggression

Answer 14

Individualistic (lack meaning)

Validity of experimental conditions

Media exposure relies heavily on behaviourist approach, again lacks meaning.

Difficult to observe ACTUAL aggressive behaviour (ethics etc)

Question 15

LeBon (1896)

A study of the popular mind.

Answer 15

Crowd scenarios create anonymity as thus decreased personal control or accountability.

Question 16

Diener (1976)

Answer 16

Actor in dark room, primed with violent or non violent activity.

Violent priming affected aggressive behaviour, anonymity did not.