Social Influence And Group Processes

Question 1

Asch (1951/’56/’66)

Answer 1

Majority Conformity measured through visual perception line task.

Found compliance to majority error (in response to non ambiguous stimuli) 32%. -[control compliance measured through written study 1%]

Question 2

Deutsch & Gerrard (1955)

Answer 2

Informative and normative influence.

Question 3

Informative influence

Answer 3

Individual is influenced by others when questioning ambiguous stimuli.

Question 4

Normative influence

Answer 4

Individual is influenced by others in response to non ambiguous stimulus, due to social factors.

Question 5

Turner et al. (1987)

Answer 5

Referent informational influence.

Group identity affects behavior even when there are no social sanctions in response to an unambiguous stimuli.

Question 6

Bond & Smith (1996)

Meta analysis of asch style studies found…

Answer 6

Large groups increase likelihood of conformity.

Women more likely, particularly if no out group present.

Asch studies culturally limited.

Question 7

Moscovici Et al. (1969)

Answer 7

Minority influence measured through visual perception color (blue/green) task.

Consistent- 1% error
Inconsistent - 8% error

Question 8

Perez, Mugny & Moscovici (1986)

Answer 8

Spillover effect of minority influence.

Arguments supported by:
Majority- initial interest, disappears.
Minority- initially no interest, significant positive adjustment over time (3wks)

Minority influence has important affect on private judgement/ appraisal.

Question 9

Milgram

1963/’64/’65a/’65b/2007[1974]

Answer 9

Obedience to authority through administration of electric shocks.
Baseline exp shower 65% complete obedience.

Question 10

Autonomous vs Agentic state

Answer 10

Autonomous - I am responsible

Agentic- under authority, someone else is responsible for directing this croon which I commit.

Question 11

Russell (2011)

Critique of Milgram

Answer 11

Strain reducing mechanisms ( such as scientific rationale) under accounted for.

Question 12

Richer and Haslam (2011)

Answer 12

Social identity

Proximity affects social identity

Question 13

Zimbardo (1971)

Stanford Prison Experiment

Answer 13

Roles allow guards to act in aggressive and in humane ways towards prisoners by compartmentalizing negative actions as ‘part of the job’.

Question 14

Deindividuation

(Zimbardo - Ingram style exps measuring affect of anonymity on behavior.

Answer 14

Reduced sense of accountability and awareness of self as an individual.

Anonymity = longer shocks regardless of like/dislike of learner

Question 15

Dehumanisation

Answer 15

Treatment of others as less than human.

Justification of terrible actions… e.g. Nazi propaganda

Question 16

Asch 1952

Answer 16

Participants aware of error but felt peer pressure to comply with group.