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anatomy and physiology > aging and homeostasis, common disorders ch 5 > Flashcards

aging and homeostasis, common disorders ch 5 Flashcards

1
Q

when and where do skin related changes begin

A

at age 40, in the proteins of the dermis

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2
Q

what happens to the collagen fibers in the dermis

A

decrease in number, stiffen, break apart, become a shapeless matted tangle

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3
Q

what happens to the elastic fibers and what accelerates it

A

lose elasticity, thicken into clumps and fray
smoking accelerates this in the skin of smokers

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4
Q

wrinkles form because a decrease in

A

fibroblasts

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5
Q

what decreases the skin’s immune responsiveness

A

the decrease in intraepidermal macrophages

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6
Q

what does a decrease in sebaceous glands cause

A

dry broken skin more susceptible to infection

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7
Q

what increased the incidence of heat stroke in the elderly

A

less production of sweat

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8
Q

as the aged skin is thinner especially in the dermiswhat happens to the migration of cells to where

A

basal layer to the epidermal surface slows

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9
Q

what results in grey hair and atypical skin pigmentation

A

decrease of functioning melanocytes

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10
Q

rosacea-effectswho, years, symptoms

A

skin condition affects light-skinned adults
30-60y/o
redness, tiny pimples, noticeable blood vessels

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11
Q

what slows in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life

A

growth of hair and nails

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12
Q

why do nails get brittle with age

A

dehydration or repeated use of cuticle remover or nail polish

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13
Q

anti aging treatments-topical products

A

hydroquinone (blemishes and blotches) and retinoic acid (decrease fine wrinkles and roughness)

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14
Q

anti aging treatments-microdermabrasion

A

use of tiny crystals under pressure to remove and vacuum the skin’s surface cells to improve skin texture and reduce blemishes

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15
Q

anti aging treatments- chemical peel

A

application of mild acid (glycolic acid) to the skin to remove surface cells to improve skin texture and reduce blemishes

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16
Q

anti aging treatments-laser resurfacing

A

use of laser to clear up blood vessels near the skin surface, even out blotches and blemishes and decrease fine wrinkles. ex. IPL photofacial

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17
Q

anti aging treatments- dermal fillers

A

injections of human collagen, hyaluronic acid, calcium hydroxl-apatite, or poly-l-lactic acid that plumps the skin to smooth out wrinkles and fill in furrows, ex at nose, mouth and eyebrows

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18
Q

anti aging treatments- fat transplantation

A

fat from one part of the body is injected into another location ex around the eyes

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19
Q

anti aging treatments- botulinum toxin or botox

A

diluted version of a toxin that is injected into the skin to paralyze skeletal muscles that cause the skin to wrinkle

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20
Q

anti aging treatments- radio frequency nonsurgical facelift

A

use of radio frequency emissions to tighten the deeper layers of the skin of the jowls, neck, sagging eyebrows and eyelids

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21
Q

anti aging treatments- facelift, brow lift or neck lift

A

invasive surgery in which loose skin and fat are removed surgically and the underlying connective tissue and muscle are tightened

22
Q

homeostasis impact on skeletal system

A

-activates vitamin D
- proper absorption of dietary calcium and phosphorus to build and maintain bones

23
Q

homeostasis impact on muscular system

A

provide calcium ions that are needed for muscle contraction

24
Q

homeostasis impact on nervous system

A

nerve endings in skin and subcutaneous tissue provide input to brain for touch, pressure, thermal and pain sensations

25
homeostasis impact on endocrine system
keratinocytes in skin help activate vitamin D to calcitriol, a hormone that aids absorption of dietary calcium and phosphorus
26
homeostasis impact on the cardiovascular system
local chemical changes in dermis cause widening and narrowing of skin blood vessels, which helps adjust blood flow to skin
27
homeostasis impact on lymphatic system and immunity
-first line of defense in immunity...mechanical barrier and chemical secretions that discourage penetration and growth of microbes - intraepidermal macrophages in epidermis participate in immune responses by recognizing and processing foreign antigens - macrophages in dermis phagocytize microbes that penetrate skin surface
28
homeostasis impact on respiratory system
hairs in nose filter dust particles from inhaled air - stimulation of pain nerve endings in skin may alter breathing rate
29
homeostasis impact on digestive system
skin helps activate vitamin d to the hormone calcitriol, which promotes absorption of dietary calcium and phosphorus in small intestine
30
homeostasis impact on urinary system
-kidney cells receive partially activated vitamin d hormone from skin and convert it to calcitriol - some waste products are excreted from body in sweat, contributing to excretion by urinary system
31
homeostasis impact on reproductive systems
-nerve endings in skin and subcutaneous tissue, respond to erotic stimuli...sexual pleasure - suckling of a baby stimulates nerve endings in skin leading to milk ejection -mammary glands-modified sweat glands- produce milk - skin stretches during prego as fetus enlarges
32
homeostasis impact on all body systems
-skin and hair provide barriers that protect all internal organs from damaging agents in external environment - sweat glands and skin blood vessels regulate body temp, needed for proper functioning of other body systems
33
skin cancer
exposure to sun, UV damage
34
basal cell carcinoma
78% of all cancers stratum basale of the epidermis nonmelanoma skin cancer
35
squamous cell carcinoma
20% of skin cancers metastasize stratum spinosum nonmelanoma skin cancer
36
malignant melanoma-from what, %?, threatening for, warning signs
from melanocytes, 2% of skin cancers life threatening for young women..tanning beds warning signs: ABCDE (asymmetrical, border, colour, diameter, evolving)
37
risk factors for skin cancer
skin type sun exposure family history age immunological status
38
impact of UVA rays
depress the immune system
39
impact of long term overexposure to sunlight
dilated blood vessel, age spots, freckles, changes in skin texture
40
impact of UVB rays
do not penetrate as deep as UVA, sunburn and are responsible for most of the tissue damage...causes wrinkling and aging of skin
41
photosensitivity
heightened reaction of the skin after consumption of certain meds or substances
42
what do sunscreens do
absorb uvb rays not uva
43
what does sunblock do
refelct and scatter uva and uvb
44
burns
tissue damage cuased by excessive heat, electricity, radioactivity, corrosive chemicals that denature proteins in the skin cells
45
1st degree burn
epidermis, mild pain and redness (erythema) partial thickness burn
46
2nd degree burn
epidermis and dermis blisters partial thickness burn
47
3rd degree burn
full thickness epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer most skin functions are lost
48
local effect of burn
injury to skin tissues directly in contact with damaging agent
49
systemic effects of a burn-threat and why
greater threat to life 1. loss of water, plasma, plasma protein-leads to shock 2. bacterial infection 3. reduced circulation of blood 4. decreased urine production 5. diminished immune responses
50
major burn
10% of body is 3rd degree burns 25% of body is 2nd degreee any 3rd degree to face, hand, feet or perineum *rule of nines
51
pressure ulcers
decubitus ulcers...bed sores, constant deficiency of blood flow to tissues -bedridden patients

anatomy and physiology (18 decks)

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