integumentary system Flashcards by Hayden Hanley

integumentary system consists of

skin, hair, glands, nails

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why is the skin the most vulnerable organ and what does it get more of

exposed to radiation, trauma, infection, chemicals
*gets more medical treatment

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functions of skin

body temp regulation, protection, sensation, excretion and absorption, synthesis of vitamin d

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skin consists and whats it made of

epidermis- stratified squamous epithelium
dermis- dense irreg c.t.

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cells of epidermis

keratinocytes
basal (stem) cells
melanocytes
langerhan cells
tactile (merkel discs) cells

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keratinocytes…function and what is it made of

-squamous epithelial cells made by stem cells
- create keratin
-undergo kertinization

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basal (stem) cells…function, where and what is it made of

stratum basale
cuboidal cells that undergo mitosis

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melanocytes… produce and what does it do

produce brown-black pigment melanin
phagocytized by keratinocytes

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Langerhans cells…what are they, what do they do, where are they found

-immune cells
- phagocytic cells
- stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum

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where do immune cells originate and where does it go

bone marrow, goes to epidermis

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tactile (merkel discs) cells…what are they, what are they associated with, where

receptors for touch
* dermal nerve fiber
* @epidermal-dermal junction

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layers of epidermis- thick skin

stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

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layers of epidermis- thin skin

stratum corneum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

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what does stratum corneum do

protects

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what does stratum lucidum do

allows skin to stretch/ reduces effect friction

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what does stratum granulosum do

apoptosis-cells die
cytoplasmic granules

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what does stratum spinosum do

recieves nutrients via diffusion
keratinization

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what does stratum basale do

constantly doing mitosis

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2 zones of dermis

papillary layer
reticular layer

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papillary layer…whats in it and made of what

areolar tissue and elastic fibers
*Meissner’s corpuscles-touch
*free nerve endings-pain

reticular layer..made of what, what does it contain

thicker dense irreg c.t
sweat and sebaceous galnds
pressure receptors -Pacinian corpuscles

hypodermis…what it is, what it is made of, function what is it a common site for

*subcutaneous tissue
*areolar and adipose tissue
- drug injection
- pads body and binds skin to underlying tissue

cyanosis

lack of oxygen
reddish-violet
suffocation or cold weather

albinism

white skin-lack of melanin
tyrosinase is synthesized from this

jaundice

yellowing due to bilirubin in blood compromised liver function

hematoma

bruising, clotted blood under skin

accessory organs- derived and reside

hair, nails, glamds-derived from epidermis. reside in dermis

hair

-unique mammalian characteristic -dead keratinized epidermal cells...shaft and root

hair follicle...made of and surrounded by

-internal and external root sheath - surrounded by connective tissue

what is hair bulb

enlarged portion of hair follicle surrounding the bottom

what does the hair bulb consist of and what does each part do

*hair matrix- living stem cells, impacted by chemotherapy *dermal papilla- blood vessels providing nutrient/removal of waste

arrector pili-what does it do

raises hair, contraction position to trap air or increase in size

hair texture

cross sectional shape of hair

hair colour

combo of pigment in the cortex cells - eumelanin, brown and black pigment - pheomelanin - reddish-yellow pigment - blonde hair, no black eumelanin, medium pheomelanin, a little brown eumelanin - gray and white hair- little or no melanin

cutaneous glands...made of, and what does it do

- glandular epithelial - produces and secretes substance

types of glands

exocrine endocrine

exocrine gland

have duct - external or internal - sweat, tear gland - pancreas and salivary gland

endocrine

no duct so needs blood supply - secretes hormones into blood - thyroid, adrenal, pituitary galnds

sweat glands types

eccrine gland (merocrine sweat gland) apocrine gland

eccrine gland-what does it do, made of, where

thermal regulation water, salts, urea soles, palms, forehead

apocrine glands-where, secrete what

- axillary and genital regions - milky protein and fat rich substance

sebaceous(oil) glands- where, and do what

-all over skin - ducts empty sebum into hair follicle

nails-components

nail root, cuticle, lunula, nail body, nail matrix, free edge , nail bed

skin cancer caused from what and types of cancer

-uv exposure -basal cell carcinoma - squamous cell carcinoma - malignant melanoma

basal cell carcinoma-where and looks like

-stratum basale - small, shiny bump with central depression

squamous cell carcinoma-what cell and where

keratinocytes of stratum spinosum

melanoma-from where

arises from melanocytes

burns- classification and what does it impact

-1st degree burn...epidermis, redness, edema, pain -2nd degree burn - partial thickness, part of dermis, blistered -3rd degree burn...full-thickness burn, all of dermis and often some deeper tissues, needs skin grafts