Agriculture

Question 0

Increases in food supply, rapid increase in total human population (more food = less starvation), job specialization (fewer people needed to produce food = more jobs needed), gender differences, and the distinction between settled people and nomads led to the development of these

Answer 0

Agricultural Hearths

Question 1

Drastic changes that happened in different parts of the world at different times, changes include domestication of animals and cultivation of crops

Answer 1

Neolithic Revolution

Question 2

Diffused from Southeast Asia north into China and Japan, west into India, to Africa, and the Mediterranean. In which new plants are produced from direct cloning. Began the transition into settlements.

Answer 2

Vegetative Planting

Question 3

Production of plants through annual planting of seeds. Hearths include: Western India, Northern China, and Ethiopia. Irrigation (the channeling of water to fields) developed with this.

Answer 3

Seed Agriculture

Question 4

The movement of diverse foods merging from the eastern and western hemispheres
Food begins to diversify

Answer 4

Colombian Exchange

Question 5

Beginning in western Europe in the 1600s preceding the industrial revolution allowing rapidly growing cities to stay afloat.

Answer 5

Second Agricultural Revolution

Question 6

Fencing or hedging of large blocks of land

Answer 6

Enclosure

Question 7

Jethro Tull’s method, a new machine that more effectively planted seeds

Answer 7

Seed Drill

Question 8

Most prevalent in LDCs, production of only enough food to feed the farmers family, no profit

Answer 8

Subsistence agriculture

Question 9

Farmers and ranchers sell output for money and buy other food at stores;
Production of food surplus

Answer 9

Commercial Agriculture

Question 10

(Corporate Agriculture); found in MDCs, farming is integrated into a large food production industry

Answer 10

Agribusiness

Question 11

Intensive Subsistence: concentrated, high yield farming, only provides subsistence; Shifting Cultivation: “slash and burn”, primarily rain forests; Pastoral Nomadism: following herds much like hunter gatherers

Answer 11

Subsistence Farming

Question 12

Found in East and South Asia, begin in dry land before moving to a flooded field

Answer 12

Wet or Low Land Rice

Question 13

Requires little capital to produce food and employs a large number of people, work is done by hand

Answer 13

Labor Intensive Agriculture

Question 14

Growing of various types of crops

Answer 14

Intertillage

Question 15

Practice of moving frequent from one place to another

Answer 15

Nomadism

Question 16

Shifting Cultivation and Pastoral Nomadism; involve large areas of land and minimal labor

Answer 16

Extensive Subsistence Agriculture

Question 17

Cultivation of small land plots through great amounts of labor, yielding is higher as well

Answer 17

Intensive Subsistence Agriculture

Question 18

Most common west of the Appalachian Mountains, Europe, and Russia, income from the sale of animal products

Answer 18

Mixed Crop and Livestock

Question 19

Northeast United States, West Europe, and Southeast Canada, must be close to a city

Answer 19

Dairy Farming

Question 20

Ring of milk production

Answer 20

Milk shed

Question 21

Heavily mechanized farming of grain; USA, Canada, Australia, Argentina, France, and United Kingdom

Answer 21

Grain Farming

Question 22

Kansas, Colorado, Oklahoma

Answer 22

Winter Wheat Areas

Question 23

South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana

Answer 23

Spring Wheat Areas

Question 24

Commercial grazing of livestock; semi-arid regions, West US and Pampas

Answer 24

Livestock Ranching

Question 25

Prairies in South America

Answer 25

Pampas

Question 26

Horticulture, happens all over the globe but relies on climate; US, Europe, South America, and Chile

Answer 26

Mediterranean Agriculture

Question 27

US, truck farming, heavy on machinery and fertilizers

Answer 27

Commercial Gardening

Question 28

Growing of fruits vegetables and flowers

Answer 28

Horticulture

Question 29

A large farm that specializes in one or two crops; work mostly with cash crops or high commodity crops

Answer 29

Plantation Farming

Question 30

Field rotation so that crops can yield greater

Answer 30

Crop Rotation

Question 31

Prairies of North America

Answer 31

World's Bread Basket

Question 32

Oats, wheat, rye, barley,

Answer 32

Cereal Grains

Question 33

Assumed the distance of each branch of farming was to a city or market center

Answer 33

Von Thunen's Model

Question 34

The general logical attempt to explain how an economic activity is related to the land space where goods are produced

Answer 34

Location Theory

Question 35

Houses lie farther apart and have more land to farm

Answer 35

Dispersed Settlement Pattern

Question 36

Houses are closer together and result in more intensive farming

Answer 36

Nucleated Settlement Pattern

Question 37

Small clusters of buildings

Answer 37

Hamlets

Question 38

Slightly larger than hamlets where houses are grouped together

Answer 38

Villages

Question 39

Originated in Northern Europe, associated with forests, from Scandinavia to Russia to the pacific coast

Answer 39

Wood Housing Style

Question 40

Across the world it is used and it is made of different materials that suit it's climate

Answer 40

Brick Housing Style

Question 41

Andes Mountains, natural stone and mortar where resourced are plentiful

Answer 41

Stone housing style

Question 42

Poles and sticks woven tightly together with a leaf covering, found in Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Amazonian Ricer Basin.

Answer 42

Wattle housing style

Question 43

Traditional in East Africa and Europe, with fields on the inside in a circular pattern

Answer 43

Round Village Style

Question 44

Developed to protect, with villages securely inside, normally revolve around a turbulent past

Answer 44

Walled Village pattern

Question 45

Modern with parallel and perpendicular lines

Answer 45

Grid village patterns

Question 46

Villages follow major roads

Answer 46

Lined village pattern

Question 47

Very populated and busy, all cluster around some main hub

Answer 47

Cluster village patterns

Question 48

Property inheritance that falls directly to the eldest son

Answer 48

Primogeniture

Question 49

Section lines drawn in girds, without reference to terrain

Answer 49

Rectangular Survey Tachnique

Question 50

Natural features are used to mark irregular parcels of land

Answer 50

Metes and Bounds Survey Technique

Question 51

Narrow Land strips thanks to water ways or roads

Answer 51

Long Lot Survey Technique

Question 52

The goal was to benefit the mother country by trade through the colony

Answer 52

Mercantilism

Question 53

The growing of crops that are most profitable

Answer 53

Specialization

Question 54

Began in the mid-20th century, takes form in industrial agriculture (an innovation in agricultural machinery) involves biotechnology

Answer 54

Third Agricultural Revolution

Question 55

Use of genetically altered crops in Ag and DNA in order to increase production

Answer 55

Biotechnology

Question 56

Involved in the use of new higher yield seeds and expanded use of fertilizer

Answer 56

Green Revolution

Question 57

Expansion of the world's deserts through erosion

Answer 57

Desertification

Question 58

Changing nutrients in soil to damage the plant, unless crop rotation is used

Answer 58

Organic content in soil

Question 59

Replaced by bio vegetation, can cause desertification

Answer 59

Depletion of vegetation

Question 60

Moves to organic agriculture (growing crops without fertilizer or pesticides)

Answer 60

Presence of chemicals

Question 61

Integrates plant and animal production practices that will protect the ecosystem over the long term

Answer 61

Sustainable Agriculture

Question 62

Increasing food product by plowing more land

Answer 62

Expansion of Agricultural Land

Question 63

Hybrid and bio plants and livestock allow land to be used more efficiently

Answer 63

Increase in land productivity

Question 64

People are less likely to try something new but it is available Ex. Organic food, or genetically modified foods

Answer 64

New food sources

Question 65

Food exportation is evening out

Answer 65

Distribution of Foods

Question 66

Genetic modification of a plant such that it's reproductive success depends on human intervention

Answer 66

Plant domestication

Question 67

Crop that is reproduced by cultivating the roots of or the cuttings from the plants

Answer 67

Root crops

Question 68

Genetic modification of an animal such that it is rendered more amenable to human control

Answer 68

Animal Domestication

Question 69

Slash and burn style agriculture

Answer 69

Milpa agriculture

Question 70

Crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods

Answer 70

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

Question 71

Dependence on a single agricultural community

Answer 71

Monoculture

Question 72

Developed by Wladimir Köppen, a system for classifying the world's climates on the basis of temperature and precipitation

Answer 72

Köppen Climate Classification System

Question 73

Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco

Answer 73

Luxury Crops

Question 74

a food that is eaten routinely, and in such quantities that it constitutes a dominant portion of a standard diet in a given population

Answer 74

Staple food

Question 75

Practiced worldwide with a variety of crops and livestock and produce low economic turnout due to the effort split between areas of crop and livestock

Answer 75

General Farming (Mixed Farming)

Question 76

Involves preventing the growth of bacteria, fungi (such as yeasts), or other micro-organisms (although some methods work by introducing benign bacteria or fungi to the food), as well as retarding the oxidation of fats that cause rancidity.

Answer 76

Food preservation

Question 77

Refers to the extent to which income is distributed in an uneven manner among a population.

Answer 77

Income Disparity

Question 78

(Communism and Agriculture) In socialist or communist countries, such as the former Soviet Union, this is a cooperative association of farmers who work land owned by the state but who own most of their own farm implements.

Answer 78

Collective Farm/Communal Farm

Question 79

A system of interlocking and interdependent food chains.

Answer 79

Food Web

Question 80

The series or processes by which food is grown or produced, sold, and eventually consumed.

Answer 80

Food chain

Question 81

This is the practice of growing two or more crops in the same space during a single growing season.

Answer 81

Multicropping

Question 82

Growing two crops on a field of arable land during one season

Answer 82

Double Cropping

Question 83

A set of soil management practices that minimize the disruption of the soil's structure, composition and natural biodiversity.

Answer 83

Conservation Agriculture

Question 84

The ecological yield that can be extracted without reducing the base of capital itself, i.e. the surplus required to maintain ecosystem services at the same or increasing level over time.

Answer 84

Sustainable yield

Question 85

Energy generated in ways that do not deplete natural resources or harm the environment, especially by avoiding the use of fossil fuels and nuclear power.

Answer 85

Alternative Energy

Question 86

A biofuel intended as a substitute for diesel.

Answer 86

Biodiesel

Question 87

An area of land cleared for vegetation by slashing and burning vegetation.

Answer 87

Swidden

Question 88

Using a land for a period of time and then leaving it be in order to let it refertilize itself for the next season.

Answer 88

Fallow

Question 89

The science of breeding and caring for farm animals

Answer 89

Animal Husbandry

Question 90

Genetically modified plants with larger heads and shorter stalks

Answer 90

Dwarf Varieties

Question 91

The offspring of two plants or animals whose species vary

Answer 91

Hybrid