Agriculture

Question 1

What is agriculture?

What is feed?

Answer 1

• Tending of crops and livestock to produce feed, food, and fiber.
• grains fed directly to livestock

Question 2

What is primary economic activity?

Answer 2

• involve products closest to the ground, such as agriculture, ranching, hunting and gathering, fishing, forestry, mining, and quarrying (large chunks of rock)

Question 3

What is secondary economic activity?

Answer 3

Activities that take the primary product and manufacture, changed into something else, it for human usage or consumption

Question 4

What is tertiary economic activity?

Answer 4

The service industry, connecting producers to consumers and facilitating commerce and trade.

Question 5

Examples of tertiary economic activity.

Answer 5

Bankers, lawyers, doctors, teachers, nurses sales people, clerks, secretaries, tour guides, car dealership, etc.

Question 6

What is quaternary and quinary economic activity?

Answer 6

Quaternary- research and modifications
-Scientist, innovators
Quinary- higher education/paid
-CEO, presidency

Question 7

Review core ways and periphery ways.

Answer 7

Core- better kind of technology, research, wages, education
Periphery- lower kinds of technology, research, wages, education
Processes not product

Question 8

Agriculture, tertiary sector, GDP, labor force in Guatemala

Answer 8

• agriculture accounts for 22.7% of GDP (gross domestic product)
• 50% of labor force in agriculture
• tertiary accounts for 35% of labor force and 57.9% of GDP

Question 9

Agriculture, tertiary sector, GDP, and labor force in Canada

Answer 9

• Agriculture accounts for 2.3% GDP -3% of labor force is in agriculture
• tertiary sector accounts for 75% and over 71% of the GDP

Question 10

North American hunting, gathering, and fishing

Answer 10

• oak forest provided a harvest of nuts for collection and storage
• pacific ocean was adept for salmon fishing
• great plains provided bison herds

Question 11

What is plant modification and where did it begin?

Answer 11

• genetic modification of a plant such that is reproductive success in human intervention
• Sauer suggested it began in Southeast/South Asia more than 14,000 years ago

Question 12

What are root crops?

Answer 12

-crops that are reproduced by cultivating either the roots or cutting from the plants

Question 13

What are seed crops and where do scholars believe it begun at?

Answer 13

• plants that are reproduced by cultivating seeds, involving seed selection, sowing, watering, and well-timed harvesting
• the majority believe it begun in t he Fertile Crescent (Tigris and Euphrates rivers flow through)

Question 15

First Agricultural Revolution

Answer 15

• Dating back 10,000 years

- achieved plant domestication and animal domestication

Question 16

What changes in Agriculture occurred in Southwest Asia?

Answer 16

• plant domestication
  
  • people would choose seeds from largest, heartiest plants to save. Grain crops wheat and barley grew well in the Southwest Asian climate

Question 17

World Areas of Agriculture

Plant domestication hearths

Answer 17

• southeast Asia- taro, yams, banana
• southwest Asia- wheat, barley, and other grains
• mesoamerica (central)- corn, squashes, and many kinds of beans

Question 18

Hearths believed to be agriculturally independent

Answer 18

• central China hearth
  
  • new evidence supports a much earlier development of agriculture
• West Africa
  
  • secondary domestication

Question 19

Diffusion of Corn

Answer 19

• corn from the American Corn Belt diffused from Central America and Southern Mexico into North America
• Portuguese brought it across Atlantic to Africa where it became a staple food

Question 20

Diffusion of the white potato

Answer 20

-The white potato associated with Ireland and Idaho came originally from the Andean highlands and was brought to Europe in the 1600s where it became a staple food

Question 21

Diffusion of the Banana

Answer 21

-the banana that is associated with Central America came from Southeast Asia, as did a variety of yams

Question 22

Animal domestication

Answer 22

• genetic modification of an animal such as being rendered to be amenable to human control
• began earlier than plant cultivation OR began recently as 8000 years ago

Question 23

How did the process of animal domestication came about?

Answer 23

• when people became more sedentary; animals were kept as pets or other reasons
• animals attached themselves to human settlements as scavengers and protection thus enforcing the idea that they might be tamed

Question 23

Examples of animal domestication

Answer 23

• goat- domesticate in the Zagros Mountains (in Fertile Crescent) 10,000 years ago
• sheep- Anatolia (Turkey) 9500years
• pigs and cattle shortly thereafter

Question 24

Name regions of animal domestication and what animals were domesticated

Answer 24

• Southwest Asia and Northeast Africa domesticated goat, sheep, camel
• Southeast Asia- many kinds of pig, water buffalo, chickens, fowl
• South Asia- cattle,
• Central Asia- yak, horse, goats sheep
• Mesoamerica- llama, alpaca, pig

Question 25

Modern animal domestication

Answer 25

- Failure due to problems with the breed of animal's diet, growth rate, breeding, disposition, or social structure - it continues even after 8000 years or possibly 14000 years ago

Question 26

Examples of Hunters and Gatherers

Answer 26

- San of Southern Africa, the Aboriginals of Australia, indigenous people of Brazil, and other groups in the Americas, Africa, and Asia

Question 27

Subsistence Agriculture for applying for farmers in remote areas of South and Middle America, Africa, and South and Southeast Asia

Answer 27

-grow food to sustain themselves and their families, find building materials and firewood in the environment and do not enter the cash economy at all

Question 28

Subsistence for indigenous people in the Amazon Basin, the sedentary farmers of Africa, villagers in India, and peasant in Indonesia

Answer 28

- way of life and state of mind | - subsistence level sometimes sell a small quantity of produce

Question 29

Shifting cultivation

Answer 29

- Primarily in tropical and subtropical, where traditional farmers had to abandon plot of land after soil became infertile. - farmers move to another land, clear the vegetation, turn the soil, and try again

Question 30

Slash-and-burn agriculture (milpa agriculture; patch agriculture)

Answer 30

- technique in which trees are cut down and all existing vegetation is burned off - the layer of ash contributes to the soil's fertility

Question 31

Colonial effect on Subsistence Farming

Answer 31

- during colonialism, European powers sought to end subsistence and integrate farmers into production and exchange - pay taxes, subsistence farmers to sell produce, devote some land to a cash crop; colonial powers sought to make profits

Question 32

Subsistence Farming in the Modern

Answer 32

- subsistence land is giving way to more intensive farming and cash cropping; being parceled out to individuals for cash cropping - distribution of wealth is stratified with poor people at bottom and rich landowners at the top