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AP Human Geography > Vocabulary 1 > Flashcards

Vocabulary 1 Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Political Geography

A

Study of the political organization of the world

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2
Q

State

A

A politically organized territory with a permanent population, defined territory, and a government.

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3
Q

Territoriality

A

By Sack, “the attempt by an individual/group to control people, phenomena, and relationships by asserting control over an area

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4
Q

Sovereignty

A

Having control over a territory, politically and militarily

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5
Q

Territorial Integrity

A

Right of a state to defend sovereign territory against attack from other states

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6
Q

Mercantilism

A

A protectionist policy of European states that promoted a state’s economic position.
Associated with the promotion of commercialism and trade.

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7
Q

Peace of Westphalia

A

Treaties that concluded Europe’s most destructive internal struggle over religion.
Contained new language recognizing the rights of rulers within defined territories thus laying down a foundation of a Europe made up of defined states.

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8
Q

Nation

A

Group of people who think of themselves as one based on a sense of shared culture and history.

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9
Q

Nation-state

A

A politically organized area in which nation and state occupy the same space.

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10
Q

Democracy

A

Idea that the people are the ultimate sovereign

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11
Q

Multinational State

A

A state with more than one nation in its border

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12
Q

Multistate Nation

A

A nation that stretches across borders and across states

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13
Q

Stateless Nation

A

A nation that does not have a state

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14
Q

Colonialism

A

Rule by an autonomous people over a subordinate and alien place and people

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15
Q

Scale

A

Representation of a real-world phenomenon at a certain level of reduction/generalize

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16
Q

Capitalism

A

In the world economy, people, corporations, and states produce goods and exchange them on the world market for a profit

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17
Q

Commodification

A

Process of placing a price on a good and then buying, selling, and trading the good

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18
Q

Core

A

Processes that incorporate higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology. Also it generates the most wealth.

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19
Q

Periphery

A

Processes that incorporate lower levels of education, lower salaries, and less technology. Also generates less wealth.

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20
Q

Semi periphery

A

Places where core and periphery are both occurring

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21
Q

Ability

A

The capacity of a state to influence other states or achieve their political goals

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22
Q

Centripetal

A

The forces within the state that unify the people

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23
Q

Centrifugal

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A

Forces within a state that divide the people

24
Q

Unitary

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A

Governments that are highly centralized, with the capital city serving as the focus of power

25
Federal
A political-territorial wherein a central government represents the various entities within a nation-state where they have common interests
26
Devolution
Movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state
27
Territorial Representation
A political system where each representative is elected from a territorially defined district
28
Reapportionment
Process by which districts are moved according to population shifts, so that each district encompasses the same number of people
29
Splitting
Process by which the majority and minority populations are spread evenly across each of the districts to be created
30
Majority-minority districts
Process by which a majority of the population is from the minority
31
Gerrymandering
Redistricting for advantage
32
Boundary
A vertical plane that cuts through rocks below and the airspace above, dividing one state territory from another
33
Geometric Boundary
Boundaries that are drawn using grid systems such as latitude and longitude
34
Physical-political Boundaries
Boundaries that follow an agreed-upon feature in the physical geographic landscape
35
Heartland Theory
A theory in which tells the rise of a superpower in the heartland
36
Critical geopolitics
Concept that states that intellectuals of statecraft construct ideas about places which influence their political behavior and policy choices. Also affect how we process out own notions of places and politics.
37
Unialterism
World order in which one state is in position of dominance with allies rather than joining the political decision-making process
38
Supranational organization
An entity composed of three or more states that forge an association and form an administrative structure for mutual benefit and shared goals.
39
Compact State
States with a circle shape, with the capital located in the center. All places could be reached from the center in a minimal amount of time. Ex. Zimbabwe, Uruguay, Poland
40
Prorupt States
States that are nearly compact but posses one or sometimes two narrow extensions of territory. Ex. Thailand, myanm
41
Elongated States
States that are long and narrow. Parts of country far from the capital are likely to be isolated. Diverse climate, people, and resources. Ex. Chile, notwa
42
Fragmented States
States composed entirely of islands; partly on islands and partly on mainland; chiefly on mainland but whose territory is separated by another state. Ex. Philippines; Italy; United States
43
Exclave
A territorial outlier of one state is located within another state
44
Enclave
Potion of territory that completely surrounds another potion that it does not rule
45
Perforated State
A state that completely surrounds a territory it does not rule (enclave)
46
Core Area
The original nucleus of a state
47
Natural Boundaries
Boundaries that are based on recognizable physiographic features such as mountains, lakes, and rivers
48
Artificial/geometric Boundaries
Boundaries that are beard a sections of parallels of latitudes or meridians of longitude
49
Antecedent Boundary
A boundary that is drawn across an area before it is well populated, before most of the cultural landscape is developed
50
Subsequent Boundaries
Boundaries drawn after the development of the cultural landscape
51
Consequent Boundary
A type of subsequent boundary that is drawn to accommodate existing religious, linguistic, ethnic, or economic differences between countries
52
Superimposed Boundaries
Boundaries that are forced upon cultural landscapes, a country, or a people by a conquering power that is unconcerned about preexisting cultural patterns
53
Irrendetism
The idea to expands the country's bordets
54
Nationalism
An identification with the state and the acceptance of national goals; allegiance to a single country
55
Subnationalism
When many people give their primary allegiance to traditional groups/nations that are smaller than the population of the entire state.
56
Regionalism
A strong minority group self-awareness and identification with a region rather than its state
57
Terrorism
Calculated use of violent acts against civilians and symbolic targets to publicize a cause, intimidate or coerce a civilian population, or affect the conduct of a government

AP Human Geography (5 decks)

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