AIDS and headache Flashcards
First signs of AIDS
Oral candidiasis / TB / Herpes Zoster
Beginning of CD4 decline
Two subdivisions of Fungi
Mould and Yeast
Yeasts
Round or oval, reproduce by budding.
e.g. CANDIDA ALBICANS and CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS
Moulds
Stalk connected to a root system
Stalk has spores coming off the fruiting body
e.g DERMATOPHYTES and ASPERGILLUS
Causes of overgrowth of Candida albicans
Usually well supressed by immune system in gut, vagina and oral mucosa.
Overgrowth by suppression of immune system or antibiotics killing of bacteria but not yeast.
What does candida cause
Oral or vaginal THRUSH
CA - Bladder infection
Intertrigo - Wet hot places (Under breast, between digits etc.)
Where does oral thrush occur specifically
Soft and hard palate, inside of cheeks.
NOT on tongue
How is Candida diagnosed
Agar assay
What does it look like under microscope (candida)
Small, oval, black. pseudo hyphae (when most are oval but some are very elongated - look like moulds)
Candida treatment
Topical
Where is Cryptococcus neoformans from?
Pigeon poo and gum trees
C. Neoformans pathogenesis
Usually breathed in from environment but immune control.
In HIV (low CD4) breathed in, absorbed in blood, travels to meninges and causes meningitis.
Diagnoses
CSF sample after clinical suspicion.
CSF (blood) tests done
1) Indian ink - Encapsulated appearance
2) Bird agar - Brown colonies
3) ELISA test - Colour change
Dermatophytes
Common - most GP’s can identify it straight away
Causes TINEA - crusty lesions on skin (head, groin, feet.)
NON invasive
Human and animal host
