Airspace, Oceanic Control and Separation Flashcards
What are the 2 main categories of airpspace?
Controlled and uncontrolled.
What does classification of airspace within an FIR determine? (2)
- ) Rules which apply.
2. ) Minimum services to be provided.
How many Classes of controlled airspace are there in the UK and what are these?
There are 4 Classes of controlled airspace in the UK; these are Classes A, C, D and E.
How many Classes of uncontrolled airspace are there in the UK and what are these?
There is only one Class of uncontrolled airspace in the UK and this is known as Class G.
What is the primary reason why controlled airspace is provided?
To protect users (mostly commercial airliners).
ACFT which fly into controlled airspace must be __________________ and their pilots must hold the necessary _____.
- ) Equipped to certain standard.
2. ) Qualifications.
Pilots must obtain _____ to enter controlled airspace and must follow ATC instructions _____ except in __________.
- ) Clearance.
- ) Implicitly.
- ) Emergency Situations.
Describe Class A airspace (4)
- ) It is the most strictly regulated airspace where ACFT must comply with ATC instructions at all times.
- ) Only IFR flight is permitted.
- ) ACFT are separated from all other traffic.
- ) Users are mainly airliners and business jets.
Describe Class C airspace (3)
- ) In the UK it extends from FL195 to FL660.
- ) Both IFR and VFR flights are permitted.
- ) Clearance is required to enter and compliance with ATC instructions is mandatory.
Describe Class D airspace (3)
- ) Both IFR and VFR flights are permitted.
- ) Clearance is required to enter and compliance with ATC instructions is mandatory.
- ) Control Areas around ADs are Class D and in Class D airspace, a speed limit of 250 knots applies to all ACFT below FL100.
Describe Class E airspace (3)
- ) Both IFR and VFR flights are permitted.
- ) IFR traffic requires clearance to enter and compliance with ATC instruction is mandatory for separation purposes.
- ) VFR traffic does not require clearance to enter.
Controlled airspace is also divided by type depending on the function it provides. These types are…(5)
- ) Aerodrome Control Zones.
- ) Control Areas.
- ) Terminal Control Area.
- ) Airways.
- ) Upper Air Routes (UARs)
What is the purpose of an Aerodrome Control Zone?
To afford protection to ACFT in the immediate vicinity of aerodromes.
What is the purpose of a Control Area and where are they situated?
They afford protection over a large area to a specified upper limit. They are situated above Aerodrome Traffic Zones (ATZ).
Where are Terminal Control Areas normally established?
At the junction of airways in the vicinity of 1 or more aerodromes.
An example of a Terminal Control Area is the London Terminal Control Area. It deals with arriving and departing ACFT from a number of aerodromes. Name these aerodromes. (10)
Biggin Hill, Farnborough, Gatwick, Heathrow, London City, Luton, Northolt, Southend, Stansted and other minor airfields in the London area.
What are Airways and what are their typical dimensions?
- ) Corridors of airspace connecting Terminal Control Areas and also link with Airways in other countries.
- ) They are normally 10nm wide with a base between 5000ft and 7000ft, extending up to 24500ft.
Where are Upper Air Routes situated and what are their vertical limits? Civil and Military ACFT operating above _____ are subject to a full and mandatory __________________.
- ) UARs sit above airspace.
- ) Usually FL250-FL460.
- ) FL245.
- ) Air Traffic Control service.
Describe Class G airspace (3)
- ) ACFT may fly when and where they like subject to a simple set of rules.
- ) Although there is no legal requirement to do so, many ACFT notify ATC of their presence and intentions.
- ) Pilots take full responsibility for their own actions although they can ask for help.
Although avoidance of other ACFT remains the responsibility of the pilot, a number of services are available in uncontrolled airspace which offer various degrees of protection. How many of these services are there and what are their names?
There are 5:
- ) Deconfliction Service.
- ) Traffic Service.
- ) Basic Service.
- ) Alerting Service.
- ) Procedural Service.
What is an Alerting Service?
An Alerting Service is provided to notify appropriate organisations regarding ACFT in need of search and rescue aid and assist such organisations as required.
What is a Procedural Service?
A Procedural Service is a non-radar based service in which deconfliction advice is provided against other ACFT receiving procedural service from the same controller.
Where is Shanwick Oceanic Control based?
Prestwick.
Which other countries does Shanwick Area Control share ATC responsibility with over the North Atlantic? (4)
Portugal, the USA, Canada and Iceland.