Airway anatomy

Question 1

What kind of abscess can call for an airway emergency? ________ ________

Answer 1

submandibular abscess

Question 2

What artery passes just in front of the ear?

Answer 2

superficial temporal artery

Question 3

Tear fluid comes from the ____ _____ and spreads across the eye and drains into the ______ _______ into the lacrimal sac and into the nose via the nasolacrimal duct.

Answer 3

lacrimal gland

lacrimal punctum

Question 4

Muscles of the ____ control the pupillary size.

Answer 4

iris

Question 5

What controls the thickness of the lens, allowing the eye to focus on near and distant objects?

Answer 5

ciliary body

Question 6

What fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye?

Answer 6

aqueous humor

Question 7

What contains the retinal, choroid, fovea, macula, optic disk and retinal vessels?

Answer 7

Fundus

Question 8

Includes eardrum, ossicles, and eustachian tube

Answer 8

middle ear

Question 9

From the external ear through the middle ear

ex. wax, ear infection (otitis externa, performation of eardrum)

Answer 9

Conductive phase hearing loss

Question 10

involves the cochlea and cochlear nerve

sensorineural hearing loss

ex. viruses, drugs, trauma, tumors

Answer 10

sensorineural phase hearing loss

Question 11

Medial wall of nasal cavity is formed by the _____ ______.

Answer 11

nasal septum

Question 12

Lateral wall is formed by the ________ and their corresponding meatus.

Answer 12

turbinates

(middle, superior, and inferior)

Question 13

Can only check these sinuses during an exam:

Answer 13

frontal

maxillary

Question 14

Great vessels that lie just behind the SCM:

Landmarks important for Central venous access for ______ _____ placement.

Answer 14

• Internal Jugular vein
• External Jugular vein
• Carotid Artery

central line

Question 15

Nearsightedness

Answer 15

myopia

Question 16

dark area/spot surrounded by normal vision

Answer 16

scotoma

Question 17

What is a rhinorrhea?

Answer 17

runny nose

Question 18

When examining the head, examine 5:

Answer 18

• hair
• scalp
• skull
• face
• skin

Question 19

When examining the eye, use the _____ eye chart

Answer 19

snellen

Question 20

What is important to check in the eye exam?

Answer 20

pupils: inspect size, shape, and symmetry using pupil size card and test reaction to light

Question 21

If shine light in one eye and other eye constricts, then ____ ____

Answer 21

consensual reaction

Question 22

If shine in eye and get a reaction

Answer 22

direct reaction

Question 23

The rhythmic oscillation of the eyes is called

Answer 23

nystagmus

Question 24

During the opthalmoscopic exam, can detect illnesses:

Answer 24

• glaucoma
• diabetes
• meningitis
• subarachnoid hemorrhages
• trauma
• brain masses
• uncontrolled hypertension

Question 25

If there is ear pain and testing for an ear infection,

Answer 25

* move auricle up and down, * press tragus * press firmly behind the ear

Question 26

What test compares air conduction and bone conduction

Answer 26

Rinne test

Question 27

\_\_\_\_\_ _____ tests for lateralization.

Answer 27

Weber test

Question 28

For a nasal intubation, check for which airway is less deformed by looking up the nasal vestibule. True or false?

Question 29

The rise of the soft palate is innervated by CN \_\_\_

Answer 29

10

Question 30

When examining the neck

Answer 30

Inspect * Alignment/symmetry of cervical spine * Overlying skin for scars, deformities, skin color changes * Atlanto-occipital joint * Thyromental distance * Sternomental distance * Position of trachea * Thyroid gland * Voice quality

Question 31

Should ask about airway history:

Answer 31

* sore throats, hoarseness, hemoptysis,hemetemesis * previous prolonged intubations * smoking

Question 32

Clues to a difficult intubation

Answer 32

* dry cough * easy bleeding * GERD * diabetes mellitus (limited cervial mobility) * loud snoring (tissue obstruction) * major trauma * radiation to the neck

Question 33

Most of glottis visible

Answer 33

Mallampati 1

Question 34

Only posterior portion of glottis visible

Answer 34

Mallampati 2

Question 35

Epiglottis, but none of glottis visible

Answer 35

Mallampatti 3

Question 36

No airway structures visualized

Answer 36

Mallampatti 4

Question 37

jut bottem jaw out over top teeth

Answer 37

prognation

Question 38

Markers of difficult laryngoscopy

Answer 38

* Mallampatti 3, 4 * Thyromental distance \< 6cm * Mouth opening \< 3 cm * Neck pathology * thick neck * limited cervical motion